Abstract
Direct use of poultry manure (PM) as an organic fertilizer in agriculture may cause environmental concerns; therefore, application of its biochar might be an effective solution. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of PM and its biochar (PMB) (control, 1% and 2% PM (w/w), 1% and 2% (W/W) PMB) on the growth and micronutrients concentration of corn under salinity stress (0.5, 3.6, 7.9 and 12.4 dS m-1) in the presence or absence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) (Funneliformis mosseae). Results indicated that application of PM and PMB significantly increased corn shoot dry weight (SDW) compared to that of control in non-AMF plants. However, SDW was higher in PMB application compared to that of PM by 15% and 8% for 1% and 2% (w/w) application rates, respectively. In AMF-plants, addition of 2% PMB had no significant effect on SDW compared to that of control. Hence, co-application of PMB (2%), and AMF did not increase SDW due to the fact that AMF was ineffective to enhance corn yield (at high phosphorous (P) concentration in 2% PMB rate). Salinity stress, at low levels (3.6 and 7.9 dS m-1), increased SDW of corn but at a higher level (12.4 dS m-1), decreased it significantly, in both non-AMF and AMF plants. In general, shoot micronutrients concentration (except for Cu) significantly increased along with increasing soil ECe levels in AMF and AMF plants. In non-AMF plants, only addition of 2% PMB increased shoot Mn concentration by 20% compared to that of control. However, in AMF plants, application of PM (2%) and PMB (1% and 2%) decreased Mn concentration by 27%, 16%, and 9% compared to those of control treatment, respectively. Poultry manure biochar increased corn shoot Zn, Cu and Fe concentrations compared to those of control due to the higher concentration of these nutrients in biochar compared to PM. In conclusion, pyrolysis of PM almost eliminated foul odor of PM and increased dry matter yield of corn.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure increased corn shoot dry weight in nonmycorrhizal plants.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- PMe0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight (SDW)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results indicated that application of PM and PMB significantly increased corn shoot dry weight (SDW) compared to that of control in non-AMF plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure biochar increased corn shoot dry weight in nonmycorrhizal plants.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- PMBe0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight (SDW)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results indicated that application of PM and PMB significantly increased corn shoot dry weight (SDW) compared to that of control in non-AMF plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1%, biochar exceeded manure shoot dry weight by 15%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- PMBe0
- Outcome
- SDWe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 15%e0
- Qualifier
- 1%e0
- Comparator
- PMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, SDW was higher in PMB application compared to that of PM by 15% and 8% for 1% and 2% (w/w) application rates, respectively.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2%, biochar exceeded manure shoot dry weight by 8%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- PMBe0
- Outcome
- SDWe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 8%e0
- Qualifier
- 2%e0
- Comparator
- PMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, SDW was higher in PMB application compared to that of PM by 15% and 8% for 1% and 2% (w/w) application rates, respectively.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
In mycorrhizal plants, 2% biochar had no significant effect on shoot dry weight.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- 2% PMBe0
- Interactor
- Funneliformis mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaet0symbiont - Outcome
- SDWe0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In AMF-plants, addition of 2% PMB had no significant effect on SDW compared to that of control.”
t0“Funneliformis mosseae and salinity stress on corn yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhiza did not enhance corn yield at high phosphorus under 2% biochar.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- co-application of PMB (2%), and AMFe0
- Interactor
- Funneliformis mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaet0symbiont
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hence, co-application of PMB (2%), and AMF did not increase SDW due to the fact that AMF was ineffective to enhance corn yield (at high phosphorous (P) concentration in 2% PMB rate).”
t0“Funneliformis mosseae and salinity stress on corn yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity of 3.6 and 7.9 dS m-1 increased corn shoot dry weight.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 3.6 and 7.9 dS m-1e0
- Outcome
- SDWe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity stress, at low levels (3.6 and 7.9 dS m-1), increased SDW of corn but at a higher level (12.4 dS m-1), decreased it significantly, in both non-AMF and AMF plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity of 12.4 dS m-1 significantly decreased corn shoot dry weight.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 12.4 dS m-1e0
- Outcome
- SDWe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity stress, at low levels (3.6 and 7.9 dS m-1), increased SDW of corn but at a higher level (12.4 dS m-1), decreased it significantly, in both non-AMF and AMF plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soil ECe increased corn shoot micronutrients except Cu.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- shoot micronutrients concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except for Cue0
- Setting
- soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In general, shoot micronutrients concentration (except for Cu) significantly increased along with increasing soil ECe levels in AMF and AMF plants.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
In nonmycorrhizal plants, 2% biochar increased shoot Mn by 20%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- 2% PMBe0
- Outcome
- shoot Mn concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In non-AMF plants, only addition of 2% PMB increased shoot Mn concentration by 20% compared to that of control.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
In mycorrhizal plants, 2% manure decreased Mn by 27%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- PM (2%)e0
- Interactor
- Funneliformis mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaet0symbiont
- Outcome
- Mn concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, in AMF plants, application of PM (2%) and PMB (1% and 2%) decreased Mn concentration by 27%, 16%, and 9% compared to those of control treatment, respectively.”
t0“Funneliformis mosseae and salinity stress on corn yield”
Claim · model-written summary
In mycorrhizal plants, 1% biochar decreased Mn by 16%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- PMB (1% and 2%)e0
- Interactor
- Funneliformis mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaet0symbiont
- Outcome
- Mn concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, in AMF plants, application of PM (2%) and PMB (1% and 2%) decreased Mn concentration by 27%, 16%, and 9% compared to those of control treatment, respectively.”
t0“Funneliformis mosseae and salinity stress on corn yield”
Claim · model-written summary
In mycorrhizal plants, 2% biochar decreased Mn by 9%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- PMB (1% and 2%)e0
- Interactor
- Funneliformis mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaet0symbiont
- Outcome
- Mn concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 9%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, in AMF plants, application of PM (2%) and PMB (1% and 2%) decreased Mn concentration by 27%, 16%, and 9% compared to those of control treatment, respectively.”
t0“Funneliformis mosseae and salinity stress on corn yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased corn shoot Zn, Cu, and Fe versus control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Poultry manure biochare0
- Outcome
- corn shoot Zn, Cu and Fe concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Poultry manure biochar increased corn shoot Zn, Cu and Fe concentrations compared to those of control due to the higher concentration of these nutrients in biochar compared to PM.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrolysis nearly eliminated poultry manure odor.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- foul odor of PMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In conclusion, pyrolysis of PM almost eliminated foul odor of PM and increased dry matter yield of corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrolyzed manure increased corn dry matter yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- pyrolysis of PMe0
- Outcome
- dry matter yield of corne0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In conclusion, pyrolysis of PM almost eliminated foul odor of PM and increased dry matter yield of corn.”
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