Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effect of various fertilization regimes on processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Heinz 3402) yield and quality by applying the following treatments: (i) control (C), (ii) conventional fertilizer (21-0-0, N-P-K) (CF), (iii) slow release nitrogen fertilizer 46-0-0 (SR), (iv) conventional fertilizer (21-0-0, N-P-K) + Zeolite (CFZ), and v) composted sheep manure (M). The results of the study showed that the SR and CFZ treatments resulted in the highest fruit yield per hectare compared to the rest of the fertilizer and the control treatments. Fruit firmness was higher for the treatments C, M and SR, while color parameters (chroma and hue angle) were higher for the C and M treatments, respectively. Moreover, the total soluble solids content (TSS; °Brix) was higher when manure (M) was applied. In terms of chemical composition, the total and individual tocopherols and sugars were the highest for the M and C treatments, respectively, whereas the oxalic, malic and total organic acid contents were the highest for the CFZ treatment. Moreover, the tested treatments showed a varied response in different antioxidant assays, although the M treatment exhibited a high antioxidant capacity in most of the assays, except for the β-carotene/linoleate assay. The carotenoid and chlorophyll contents were the highest for the control treatment. The main detected fatty acid was linoleic acid, followed by palmitic, oleic and α-linolenic acid, while the CFZ treatment had the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) due to its high content of linoleic acid. In conclusion, although the application of fertilizers increased yield, the quality parameters and chemical composition showed a varied response to the fertilization regime, especially the TSS content and juice pH and electric conductivity (EC), which are significant for the marketability of the final product.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Slow release nitrogen fertilizer (SR) gave the highest fruit yield per hectare compared with the rest of the fertilizer and control treatments.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Material
- Heinz 3402e0
- Treatment
- slow release nitrogen fertilizer 46-0-0 (SR)e2
- Outcome
- fruit yield per hectaree1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- control treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Heinz 3402”
e1“The results of the study showed that the SR and CFZ treatments resulted in the highest fruit yield per hectare compared to the rest of the fertilizer and the control treatments”
e2“slow release nitrogen fertilizer 46-0-0 (SR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional fertilizer with zeolite (CFZ) gave the highest fruit yield per hectare compared with the rest of the fertilizer and control treatments.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Heinz 3402e0
- Treatment
- conventional fertilizer (21-0-0, N-P-K) + Zeolite (CFZ)e2
- Outcome
- fruit yield per hectaree1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- control treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Heinz 3402”
e1“The results of the study showed that the SR and CFZ treatments resulted in the highest fruit yield per hectare compared to the rest of the fertilizer and the control treatments”
e2“conventional fertilizer (21-0-0, N-P-K) + Zeolite (CFZ)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit firmness was higher for treatments C, M and SR.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Heinz 3402e0
- Treatment
- C, M and SRe3
- Outcome
- Fruit firmnesse3
- Direction
- highere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Heinz 3402”
e3“Fruit firmness was higher for the treatments C, M and SR”
Claim · model-written summary
Chroma was higher in the C treatment.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Heinz 3402e0
- Treatment
- Ce4
- Outcome
- chromae4
- Direction
- highere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Heinz 3402”
e4“color parameters (chroma and hue angle) were higher for the C and M treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Hue angle was higher in the M treatment.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Heinz 3402e0
- Treatment
- Me4
- Outcome
- hue anglee4
- Direction
- highere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Heinz 3402”
e4“color parameters (chroma and hue angle) were higher for the C and M treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Total soluble solids content (°Brix) was higher when manure (M) was applied.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Heinz 3402e0
- Treatment
- manure (M)e5
- Outcome
- the total soluble solids content (TSS; °Brix)e5
- Direction
- highere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Heinz 3402”
e5“the total soluble solids content (TSS; °Brix) was higher when manure (M) was applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Total tocopherols were highest in the M treatment.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Heinz 3402e0
- Treatment
- Me6
- Outcome
- total and individual tocopherolse6
- Direction
- higheste6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Heinz 3402”
e6“the total and individual tocopherols and sugars were the highest for the M and C treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugars were highest in the C treatment.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Heinz 3402e0
- Treatment
- Ce6
- Outcome
- sugarse6
- Direction
- higheste6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Heinz 3402”
e6“the total and individual tocopherols and sugars were the highest for the M and C treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalic, malic and total organic acid contents were highest in the CFZ treatment.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Heinz 3402e0
- Treatment
- CFZ treatmente7
- Outcome
- oxalic, malic and total organic acid contentse7
- Direction
- higheste7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Heinz 3402”
e7“the oxalic, malic and total organic acid contents were the highest for the CFZ treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The M treatment showed a high antioxidant capacity in most assays, except the β-carotene/linoleate assay.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Heinz 3402e0
- Treatment
- Me1
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacitye1
- Direction
- highe1
- Qualifier
- in most of the assays, except for the β-carotene/linoleate assaye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Heinz 3402”
e1“the M treatment exhibited a high antioxidant capacity in most of the assays, except for the β-carotene/linoleate assay”
Claim · model-written summary
Carotenoid and chlorophyll contents were highest in the control treatment.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Heinz 3402e0
- Treatment
- control treatmente1
- Outcome
- carotenoid and chlorophyll contentse1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Heinz 3402”
e1“The carotenoid and chlorophyll contents were the highest for the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Linoleic acid was the main detected fatty acid in the processing tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Heinz 3402e0
- Compound
- linoleic acide1
- Outcome
- main detected fatty acide1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Heinz 3402”
e1“The main detected fatty acid was linoleic acid, followed by palmitic, oleic and α-linolenic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
The CFZ treatment had the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, attributed to its linoleic acid content.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Heinz 3402e0
- Treatment
- CFZ treatmente1
- Compound
- linoleic acide1
- Outcome
- polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)e1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Heinz 3402”
e1“the CFZ treatment had the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) due to its high content of linoleic acid”
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