Abstract
To develop a silage fermentation technique to adapt to global climate changes, the microbiome and fermentation dynamics of corn silage inoculated with heat-resistant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) under high-temperature conditions were studied. Corn was ensiled in laboratory silo, with and without two selected strains, Lactobacillus salivarius LS358 and L. rhamnosus LR753, two type strains L. salivarius ATCC 11741T and L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469T. The ensiling temperatures were designed at 30 °C and 45 °C, and the sampling took place after 0, 3, 7, 14, and 60 days of fermentation. The higher pH and dry matter losses were observed in the silages stored at 45 °C compared to those stored at 30 °C. Silages inoculated with strains LS358 and LR753 at 30 °C had a lower ratio of lactic acid/acetic acid. The dominant bacterial genera gradually changed from Pediococcus and Lactobacillus to Lactobacillus in silages during ensiling at 30 °C, while the bacterial community became more complex and fragmented after 7 d of ensiling at 45 °C. The high temperatures significantly led to a transformation of the LAB population from homo-fermentation to hetero-fermentation. This study is the first to describe microbial population dynamics response to high temperature during corn ensiling, and the results indicate that L. rhamnosus 753 shows potential ability to improve silage fermentation in tropics and subtropics.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Silages stored at 45 °C had higher pH and dry matter losses than silages stored at 30 °C.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- stored at 45 °Ce1
- Outcome
- pH and dry matter lossese1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- those stored at 30 °Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn was ensiled in laboratory silo, with and without two selected strains, Lactobacillus salivarius LS358 and L. rhamnosus LR753”
e1“The higher pH and dry matter losses were observed in the silages stored at 45 °C compared to those stored at 30 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
Silages inoculated with LS358 and LR753 at 30 °C had a lower lactic acid/acetic acid ratio.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- inoculated with strains LS358 and LR753e2
- Interactor
- Lactobacillus salivarius LS358Ligilactobacillus salivariuse0other
- Second interactor
- L. rhamnosus LR753
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosuse0other - Outcome
- ratio of lactic acid/acetic acide2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Qualifier
- at 30 °Ce2
- Comparator
- without two selected strainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn was ensiled in laboratory silo, with and without two selected strains, Lactobacillus salivarius LS358 and L. rhamnosus LR753”
e2“Silages inoculated with strains LS358 and LR753 at 30 °C had a lower ratio of lactic acid/acetic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
The dominant bacterial genera in silages changed from Pediococcus and Lactobacillus to Lactobacillus during ensiling at 30 °C.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- during ensiling at 30 °Ce3
- Outcome
- dominant bacterial generae3
- Qualifier
- changed from Pediococcus and Lactobacillus to Lactobacilluse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn was ensiled in laboratory silo, with and without two selected strains, Lactobacillus salivarius LS358 and L. rhamnosus LR753”
e3“The dominant bacterial genera gradually changed from Pediococcus and Lactobacillus to Lactobacillus in silages during ensiling at 30 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
After 7 days of ensiling at 45 °C, the bacterial community became more complex and fragmented.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 7 d of ensiling at 45 °Ce4
- Outcome
- bacterial communitye4
- Qualifier
- more complex and fragmentede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn was ensiled in laboratory silo, with and without two selected strains, Lactobacillus salivarius LS358 and L. rhamnosus LR753”
e4“the bacterial community became more complex and fragmented after 7 d of ensiling at 45 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperatures significantly transformed the lactic acid bacteria population from homo-fermentation to hetero-fermentation.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- high temperaturese5
- Outcome
- transformation of the LAB populatione5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn was ensiled in laboratory silo, with and without two selected strains, Lactobacillus salivarius LS358 and L. rhamnosus LR753”
e5“The high temperatures significantly led to a transformation of the LAB population from homo-fermentation to hetero-fermentation”
Claim · model-written summary
L. rhamnosus 753 shows potential to improve silage fermentation in tropics and subtropics.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Interactor
- L. rhamnosus 753Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosuse6other
- Outcome
- potential ability to improve silage fermentatione6
- Setting
- tropics and subtropicse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn was ensiled in laboratory silo, with and without two selected strains, Lactobacillus salivarius LS358 and L. rhamnosus LR753”
e6“L. rhamnosus 753 shows potential ability to improve silage fermentation in tropics and subtropics”
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