Abstract
Fertilization management is a key issue in plant nutrition to produce plants with good quality and quantity. Deproteinized leaf juice or brown juice (BJ) is a by-product during the isolation of leaf protein from biomass crops such as alfalfa. The idea of using BJ as a biostimulant fits well in the aspect of circular economy since BJ is currently a problematic issue of the leaf protein production approach. Fractionation of one-kilogram fresh biomass results in approximately 500 cm3 BJ. Due to fast spoil of fresh BJ, if left on room temperature, it is found that fermentation of fresh BJ using lactic acid bacteria and reducing its pH increases its stability and storage on room temperature. In the present study, we examined the effect of fermented alfalfa BJ on vegetative, physiological, and anatomical properties of the versatile sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L. ‘Bíborfelhő’) plants. Sweet basil seedlings were sprayed at different doses of fermented alfalfa BJ (i.e., 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.5%) and tap water served as a control (0.0% BJ). The results revealed that foliar application of fermented alfalfa BJ significantly improved the biometrical features of sweet basil plants. Plants treated with fermented BJ showed significantly higher values of all the measured parameters compared to the control (0.0%), except for the number of leaves per plants where control plants (0.0%) had more leaves. However, the leaves of control plants (0.0%) were smaller than treated plants as data of leaf area showed. Fermented alfalfa BJ significantly increased the content of photosynthetic pigments (chl a and chl b), relative chlorophyll (SPAD value), lengths of stem and root, fresh masses of stem, root, and leaves, volumes of stem and root, and leaf area. Despite all rates of fermented BJ displayed higher values over control plants (0.0%), the rate of 0.5% was the best one supported by results. Application of fermented alfalfa BJ influenced the anatomical parameters as well. These findings demonstrate the possible use of fermented alfalfa BJ as a promising novel plant biostimulant.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Fermented juice increased basil stem and root length and fresh mass.
- Taxon
- sweet basil
Ocimum basilicume1 - Treatment
- Fermented alfalfa BJe0
- Outcome
- lengths of stem and root, fresh masses of stem, root, and leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- tap watere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fermented alfalfa BJ significantly increased the content of photosynthetic pigments (chl a and chl b), relative chlorophyll (SPAD value), lengths of stem and root, fresh masses of stem, root, and leaves, volumes of stem and root, and leaf area”
e1“sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L. ‘Bíborfelhő’) plants”
e2“tap water served as a control (0.0% BJ)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fermented juice increased basil stem and root volume and leaf area.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- Fermented alfalfa BJe0
- Outcome
- volumes of stem and root, and leaf areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- tap watere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fermented alfalfa BJ significantly increased the content of photosynthetic pigments (chl a and chl b), relative chlorophyll (SPAD value), lengths of stem and root, fresh masses of stem, root, and leaves, volumes of stem and root, and leaf area”
e1“sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L. ‘Bíborfelhő’) plants”
e2“tap water served as a control (0.0% BJ)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fermented juice increased basil photosynthetic pigment content and relative chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- Fermented alfalfa BJe0
- Outcome
- content of photosynthetic pigments (chl a and chl b), relative chlorophyll (SPAD value)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- tap watere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fermented alfalfa BJ significantly increased the content of photosynthetic pigments (chl a and chl b), relative chlorophyll (SPAD value)”
e1“sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L. ‘Bíborfelhő’) plants”
e2“tap water served as a control (0.0% BJ)”
Claim · model-written summary
Control basil plants had more leaves than treated plants.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- fermented BJe2
- Outcome
- number of leaves per plantse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- control plants (0.0%)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except for the number of leaves per plants where control plants (0.0%) had more leaves”
e1“sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L. ‘Bíborfelhő’) plants”
e2“Plants treated with fermented BJ”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.5% fermented juice dose performed best among tested rates.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- rate of 0.5%e0
- Outcome
- best one supported by resultse0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Despite all rates of fermented BJ displayed higher values over control plants (0.0%), the rate of 0.5% was the best one supported by results”
e1“sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L. ‘Bíborfelhő’) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fermented juice influenced basil anatomical parameters.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- fermented alfalfa BJe0
- Outcome
- anatomical parameterse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of fermented alfalfa BJ influenced the anatomical parameters as well”
e1“sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L. ‘Bíborfelhő’) plants”
The same questions in other papers
processing · yield · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
processing · growth · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.