Abstract
Acetate, can be considered as an appropriate interface for increasing tolerance to salinity stress in strawberries. Strawberry plants were exposed to different treatments including control (Hoagland solution), salinity (40 mM NaCl), acetic acid (AA) (1 mM), acetic acid (1 mM) + salinity (AAS), ammonium acetate (AA) (1 mM), ammonium acetate (AM) (1 mM) + salinity (AMS), ammonium carbonate (AC) (0.5 mM), and ammonium carbonate (0.5 mM) + salinity (ACS) and put them in hydroponic system. The results indicated that salinity reduced shoot dry weight about 80.12% when compared with untreated control plants. That in comparison to acetate treatments, this reduction was 47.13 and 48.77% in AAS and AMS, respectively. Leaf area was decrease 59% in salinity treatment but this reduction was 14% in AAS. The AAS and AMS were most effective in increasing fruit yields (35.93 and 52.16 g per plant, respectively) in comparison to salinity treatment alone (27.23 g per plant) condition. In saline conditions, the highest amount of soluble carbohydrate was observed in AMS treatment (9.67 mg g−1 DW) that there was no significant difference with AAS treatment. Increase in Na+ and Cl− accumulation in shoots and decreased in K+ in saline condition were observed. The highest amount of potassium was observed in acetate treatments. The present results have demonstrated that acetate could improve tolerance to the salinity, yield and plants growth in strawberry. But, in comparison to AA and AM treatments, better results were observed in AA treatment in both salinity and non-salinity conditions.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced strawberry shoot dry weight by about 80.12% relative to untreated controls.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 80.12%e0
- Comparator
- untreated control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“salinity reduced shoot dry weight about 80.12% when compared with untreated control plants”
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch)”
Claim · model-written summary
With AAS, the reduction in strawberry shoot dry weight was 47.13% compared with salinity alone.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- acetic acid (1 mM) + salinitye1
- Outcome
- reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 47.13e0
- Comparator
- salinitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch)”
e0“this reduction was 47.13 and 48.77% in AAS and AMS, respectively”
e1“acetic acid (1 mM) + salinity (AAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
With AMS, the reduction in strawberry shoot dry weight was 48.77% compared with salinity alone.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- ammonium acetate (AM) (1 mM) + salinitye1
- Outcome
- reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 48.77%e0
- Comparator
- salinitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch)”
e0“this reduction was 47.13 and 48.77% in AAS and AMS, respectively”
e1“ammonium acetate (AM) (1 mM) + salinity (AMS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased strawberry leaf area by 59%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- salinity treatmente0
- Outcome
- Leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 59%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch)”
e0“Leaf area was decrease 59% in salinity treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
AAS limited the strawberry leaf-area reduction to 14%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- acetic acid (1 mM) + salinitye1
- Outcome
- reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 14%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch)”
e0“this reduction was 14% in AAS”
e1“acetic acid (1 mM) + salinity (AAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
AAS raised strawberry fruit yield to 35.93 g per plant compared with 27.23 g per plant under salinity alone.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- acetic acid (1 mM) + salinitye1
- Outcome
- fruit yieldse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 35.93e0
- Qualifier
- 27.23 g per plante0
- Comparator
- salinity treatment alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch)”
e0“The AAS and AMS were most effective in increasing fruit yields (35.93 and 52.16 g per plant, respectively) in comparison to salinity treatment alone (27.23 g per plant) condition”
e1“acetic acid (1 mM) + salinity (AAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMS raised strawberry fruit yield to 52.16 g per plant compared with 27.23 g per plant under salinity alone.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- ammonium acetate (AM) (1 mM) + salinitye1
- Outcome
- fruit yieldse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 52.16 g per plante0
- Qualifier
- 27.23 g per plante0
- Comparator
- salinity treatment alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch)”
e0“The AAS and AMS were most effective in increasing fruit yields (35.93 and 52.16 g per plant, respectively) in comparison to salinity treatment alone (27.23 g per plant) condition”
e1“ammonium acetate (AM) (1 mM) + salinity (AMS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under saline conditions, AMS gave the highest soluble carbohydrate amount, 9.67 mg g−1 DW.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- AMS treatmente0
- Outcome
- amount of soluble carbohydratee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 9.67 mg g−1 DWe0
- Qualifier
- saline conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch)”
e0“In saline conditions, the highest amount of soluble carbohydrate was observed in AMS treatment (9.67 mg g−1 DW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity, soluble carbohydrate did not differ significantly between AMS and AAS.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- AMS treatmente1
- Outcome
- differencee0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- AAS treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch)”
e0“there was no significant difference with AAS treatment”
e1“AMS treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased sodium accumulation in strawberry shoots.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- saline conditione0
- Outcome
- Na+e0
- Direction
- Increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch)”
e0“Increase in Na+ and Cl− accumulation in shoots and decreased in K+ in saline condition were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased chloride accumulation in strawberry shoots.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- saline conditione0
- Outcome
- Cl− accumulatione0
- Direction
- Increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch)”
e0“Increase in Na+ and Cl− accumulation in shoots and decreased in K+ in saline condition were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased potassium in strawberry shoots.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- saline conditione0
- Outcome
- K+e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch)”
e0“decreased in K+ in saline condition were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetate treatments produced the highest potassium amount in strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- acetate treatmentse0
- Outcome
- amount of potassiume0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch)”
e0“The highest amount of potassium was observed in acetate treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
AA treatment gave better strawberry results than AM in saline and nonsaline conditions.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- AA treatmente0
- Outcome
- better resultse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- both salinity and non-salinity conditionse0
- Comparator
- AM treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch)”
e0“in comparison to AA and AM treatments, better results were observed in AA treatment in both salinity and non-salinity conditions”
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