Abstract
In a two-year study, strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’ showed differences in their sensitivities to salinity as applied by irrigating plants with nutrient solutions with 30 mM or 60 mM NaCl concentration. One month after start of treatments, necrotic symptoms appeared on leaf margins of ‘Elsanta’. ‘Korona’ leaves, however, showed any to few symptoms. During the first growing season, salinity impaired the growth of ‘Elsanta’ leaves as indicated by a reduction in leaf area, leaf expansion rate and dry weight. During the second season, the reduction in leaf growth was more severe. By comparison, growth of ‘Korona’ leaves was reduced only during the second season. Total leaf number was unaffected by salinity in both cultivars; however, the number of dead leaves increased significantly due to salinity in ‘Elsanta’, but remained fairly unchanged in ‘Korona’. Maximum assimilation rates and carboxylation efficiencies, calculated from the A/Ci curves of leaves, were reduced by 39% and 44% in ‘Elsanta’ and by 22% and 34% in ‘Korona’, respectively. The net photosynthetic rate of ‘Elsanta’ was slightly reduced in tendency by salt treatments, while in ‘Korona’ the reduction was significant at the highest salt treatment. Salinity had no effect on the Na+ content in leaves of both cultivars. However, the leaf Cl- content increased with increasing salt level, reaching maximum value in ‘Elsanta’ leaves treated with the highest salt level. This indicates that the effect of salt on leaves was due to Cl-, not to Na+. Root Na+ content increased with salinity in both cultivars. The increase in root Cl- content in ‘Elsanta’ was not significant, but it rose in tendency. Cl- content in ‘Korona’ roots increased significantly with increasing salt level. This suggest that ‘Korona’ strawberry is able to accumulate absorbed Cl- in root tissues, thus preventing the translocation of this toxic ion to the leaves.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Elsanta and Korona differed in salinity sensitivity.
- Taxon
- strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- 30 mM or 60 mM NaCl concentratione0
- Outcome
- sensitivities to salinitye0
- Comparator
- Koronae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’ showed differences in their sensitivities to salinity as applied by irrigating plants with nutrient solutions with 30 mM or 60 mM NaCl concentration.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elsanta developed marginal leaf necrosis after one month.
- Taxon
- strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)Fragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Outcome
- necrotic symptoms appeared on leaf marginse0
- Qualifier
- One month after start of treatmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“One month after start of treatments, necrotic symptoms appeared on leaf margins of ‘Elsanta’.”
e1“strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’”
Claim · model-written summary
Korona leaves had few or no salinity symptoms.
- Taxon
- strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)Fragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Koronae0
- Outcome
- any to few symptomse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Korona’ leaves, however, showed any to few symptoms.”
e1“strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced Elsanta leaf area, expansion rate and dry weight in the first season, more severely in the second.
- Taxon
- strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)Fragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- leaf area, leaf expansion rate and dry weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the first growing season, salinity impaired the growth of ‘Elsanta’ leaves as indicated by a reduction in leaf area, leaf expansion rate and dry weight. During the second season, the reduction in leaf growth was more severe.”
e1“strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’”
Claim · model-written summary
Korona leaf growth was reduced only in the second season.
- Taxon
- strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)Fragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Koronae0
- Outcome
- growth of ‘Korona’ leavese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- second seasone0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By comparison, growth of ‘Korona’ leaves was reduced only during the second season.”
e1“strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity did not affect total leaf number in either cultivar.
- Taxon
- strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)Fragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Total leaf numbere0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total leaf number was unaffected by salinity in both cultivars; however, the number of dead leaves increased significantly due to salinity in ‘Elsanta’, but remained fairly unchanged in ‘Korona’.”
e1“strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly increased dead leaves in Elsanta.
- Taxon
- strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)Fragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- number of dead leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total leaf number was unaffected by salinity in both cultivars; however, the number of dead leaves increased significantly due to salinity in ‘Elsanta’, but remained fairly unchanged in ‘Korona’.”
e1“strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’”
Claim · model-written summary
Dead leaf number remained fairly unchanged in Korona under salinity.
- Taxon
- strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)Fragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Koronae0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- number of dead leavese0
- Direction
- fairly unchangede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total leaf number was unaffected by salinity in both cultivars; however, the number of dead leaves increased significantly due to salinity in ‘Elsanta’, but remained fairly unchanged in ‘Korona’.”
e1“strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum assimilation rate declined 39% in Elsanta.
- Taxon
- strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)Fragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- salinitye2
- Outcome
- Maximum assimilation ratese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 39%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum assimilation rates and carboxylation efficiencies, calculated from the A/Ci curves of leaves, were reduced by 39% and 44% in ‘Elsanta’ and by 22% and 34% in ‘Korona’, respectively.”
e1“strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’”
e2“salinity impaired the growth of ‘Elsanta’ leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Carboxylation efficiency declined 44% in Elsanta.
- Taxon
- strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)Fragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- salinitye2
- Outcome
- carboxylation efficienciese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum assimilation rates and carboxylation efficiencies, calculated from the A/Ci curves of leaves, were reduced by 39% and 44% in ‘Elsanta’ and by 22% and 34% in ‘Korona’, respectively.”
e1“strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’”
e2“salinity impaired the growth of ‘Elsanta’ leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum assimilation rate declined 22% in Korona.
- Taxon
- strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)Fragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Koronae0
- Treatment
- salinitye2
- Outcome
- Maximum assimilation ratese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 22%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum assimilation rates and carboxylation efficiencies, calculated from the A/Ci curves of leaves, were reduced by 39% and 44% in ‘Elsanta’ and by 22% and 34% in ‘Korona’, respectively.”
e1“strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’”
e2“salinity impaired the growth of ‘Elsanta’ leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Carboxylation efficiency declined 34% in Korona.
- Taxon
- strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)Fragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Koronae0
- Treatment
- salinitye2
- Outcome
- carboxylation efficienciese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 34%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum assimilation rates and carboxylation efficiencies, calculated from the A/Ci curves of leaves, were reduced by 39% and 44% in ‘Elsanta’ and by 22% and 34% in ‘Korona’, respectively.”
e1“strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’”
e2“salinity impaired the growth of ‘Elsanta’ leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Elsanta net photosynthesis tended to decline under salt treatment.
- Taxon
- strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)Fragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- salt treatmentse0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The net photosynthetic rate of ‘Elsanta’ was slightly reduced in tendency by salt treatments, while in ‘Korona’ the reduction was significant at the highest salt treatment.”
e1“strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’”
Claim · model-written summary
Korona net photosynthesis declined significantly under the highest salt treatment.
- Taxon
- strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)Fragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Koronae0
- Treatment
- highest salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The net photosynthetic rate of ‘Elsanta’ was slightly reduced in tendency by salt treatments, while in ‘Korona’ the reduction was significant at the highest salt treatment.”
e1“strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity did not change leaf Na+ content in either cultivar.
- Taxon
- strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)Fragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- Na+ content in leavese0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity had no effect on the Na+ content in leaves of both cultivars.”
e1“strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf Cl- increased with salt level, peaking in Elsanta at the highest level.
- Taxon
- strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)Fragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- increasing salt levele0
- Outcome
- leaf Cl- contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the leaf Cl- content increased with increasing salt level, reaching maximum value in ‘Elsanta’ leaves treated with the highest salt level.”
e1“strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’”
Claim · model-written summary
Root Na+ increased with salinity in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)Fragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Root Na+ contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root Na+ content increased with salinity in both cultivars.”
e1“strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’”
Claim · model-written summary
Elsanta root Cl- tended upward but not significantly.
- Taxon
- strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)Fragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- salinitye2
- Outcome
- root Cl- contente0
- Direction
- rosee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in root Cl- content in ‘Elsanta’ was not significant, but it rose in tendency.”
e1“strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’”
e2“Root Na+ content increased with salinity in both cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Korona root Cl- increased significantly with salt level.
- Taxon
- strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)Fragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Koronae0
- Treatment
- increasing salt levele0
- Outcome
- Cl- content in ‘Korona’ rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cl- content in ‘Korona’ roots increased significantly with increasing salt level.”
e1“strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer Cl- retention in Korona roots limits toxic translocation to leaves.
- Taxon
- strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)Fragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Koronae0
- Outcome
- preventing the translocation of this toxic ion to the leavese0
- Qualifier
- accumulate absorbed Cl- in root tissuese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This suggest that ‘Korona’ strawberry is able to accumulate absorbed Cl- in root tissues, thus preventing the translocation of this toxic ion to the leaves.”
e1“strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cvs ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’”
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