Abstract
ABSTRACT The use of sewage sludge as a source of nutrients and organic matter for agricultural soils is a well-established practice. However, few reports highlight the effect of the nutrients and potentially toxic elements provided by organic wastes application on the plant physiological parameters, such as photosynthetic activity and stomatal conductivity. We performed a greenhouse experiment with maize exposed to a dystrophic red Latosol amended with mineral fertilizer and different rates of sewage sludge with the following objectives: i) assess the nutrients and metal uptake translocation and distribution in plants and ii) evaluate the relationship between plant physiological parameters and yield indicators under the study conditions. The application of sewage sludge increased the soil organic matter, pH, and the amounts of available Ca, S, and Mg, comparing to the mineral fertilizer treatment. The plants promote a higher translocation of macronutrients to the shoots in the sewage sludge treatments, which results in higher photosynthetic activity, stomatal conductivity, and maize yield parameters. Moreover, the trace elements, which can cause toxicity in small concentrations, were founded mainly in the roots, which indicates a plant defense mechanism.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge increased soil organic matter and pH compared with mineral fertilizer.
- Treatment
- application of sewage sludgee1
- Outcome
- soil organic matter, pHe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- mineral fertilizer treatmente1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nutritional status and physiological parameters of maize”
e1“The application of sewage sludge increased the soil organic matter, pH, and the amounts of available Ca, S, and Mg, comparing to the mineral fertilizer treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge increased the amounts of available Ca, S, and Mg compared with mineral fertilizer.
- Treatment
- application of sewage sludgee1
- Outcome
- amounts of available Ca, S, and Mge1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- mineral fertilizer treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nutritional status and physiological parameters of maize”
e1“The application of sewage sludge increased the soil organic matter, pH, and the amounts of available Ca, S, and Mg, comparing to the mineral fertilizer treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize in sewage sludge treatments shows a higher translocation of macronutrients to the shoots.
- Organ / stage
- shootse2
- Treatment
- sewage sludge treatmentse2
- Outcome
- translocation of macronutrients to the shootse2
- Direction
- highere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nutritional status and physiological parameters of maize”
e2“The plants promote a higher translocation of macronutrients to the shoots in the sewage sludge treatments, which results in higher photosynthetic activity, stomatal conductivity, and maize yield parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge treatments result in higher photosynthetic activity, stomatal conductivity and maize yield parameters.
- Treatment
- sewage sludge treatmentse2
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activity, stomatal conductivity, and maize yield parameterse2
- Direction
- highere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nutritional status and physiological parameters of maize”
e2“The plants promote a higher translocation of macronutrients to the shoots in the sewage sludge treatments, which results in higher photosynthetic activity, stomatal conductivity, and maize yield parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Trace elements were found mainly in the roots of maize, at small concentrations that can be toxic.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nutritional status and physiological parameters of maize”
e3“the trace elements, which can cause toxicity in small concentrations, were founded mainly in the roots, which indicates a plant defense mechanism”
Claim · model-written summary
Concentration of trace elements in roots indicates a plant defense mechanism in maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nutritional status and physiological parameters of maize”
e3“the trace elements, which can cause toxicity in small concentrations, were founded mainly in the roots, which indicates a plant defense mechanism”
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