Abstract
Abstract In glyphosate-resistant (GR) cropping systems, paraquat applied in mixtures with residual herbicides prior to crop emergence offers an alternative herbicide mode of action (MOA) to aid in GR weed management. Rice is sensitive to off-target herbicide movement; however, severity of injury can vary with herbicide, rate, and formulation. Therefore, research was conducted from 2015 to 2017 in Stoneville, MS, to characterize rice response to a sublethal concentration of paraquat applied at 84 g ai ha –1 in combination with common residual herbicides. Paraquat plus metribuzin injured rice 68% to 69% 14 and 28 d after treatment (DAT), which was 10% to 13% greater than injury following paraquat alone or paraquat plus fomesafen. Pooled across metribuzin and fomesafen treatments, paraquat reduced rough rice yields 23%. Paraquat plus 10 different residual herbicides injured rice ≥51% 28 DAT and reduced rough rice yields ≥21%. These studies indicate a severe negative impact on rice growth and development following exposure to a sublethal concentration of paraquat alone or in mixture with common residual herbicides. Therefore, applications of paraquat plus residual herbicides to fields in proximity to rice should be avoided if conditions are conducive for off-target movement.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat plus metribuzin caused 68% to 69% rice injury at 14 and 28 days.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Paraquat plus metribuzine0
- Outcome
- injured ricee0
- Direction
- injurede0
- Value
- 68% to 69%e0
- Qualifier
- 14 and 28 d after treatment (DAT)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat plus metribuzin injured rice 68% to 69% 14 and 28 d after treatment (DAT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat plus metribuzin injury exceeded paraquat alone or paraquat plus fomesafen by 10% to 13%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- paraquat plus metribuzine1
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 10% to 13%e0
- Comparator
- paraquat alone or paraquat plus fomesafene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was 10% to 13% greater than injury following paraquat alone or paraquat plus fomesafen”
e1“Paraquat plus metribuzin injured rice 68% to 69% 14 and 28 d after treatment (DAT)”
t0“Rice performance”
Claim · model-written summary
Across metribuzin and fomesafen treatments, paraquat reduced rough rice yield by 23%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pooled across metribuzin and fomesafen treatments, paraquat reduced rough rice yields 23%”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat with ten residual herbicides injured rice at least 51% at 28 days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Paraquat plus 10 different residual herbicidese0
- Outcome
- injured ricee0
- Direction
- injurede0
- Value
- ≥51%e0
- Qualifier
- 28 DATe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat plus 10 different residual herbicides injured rice ≥51% 28 DAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat with ten residual herbicides reduced rough rice yield by at least 21%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Paraquat plus 10 different residual herbicidese0
- Outcome
- rough rice yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- ≥21%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat plus 10 different residual herbicides injured rice ≥51% 28 DAT and reduced rough rice yields ≥21%”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend avoiding paraquat plus residual herbicide applications near rice when drift conditions are favorable.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- should be avoidede0
- Qualifier
- if conditions are conducive for off-target movemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applications of paraquat plus residual herbicides to fields in proximity to rice should be avoided if conditions are conducive for off-target movement”
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