Abstract
Abstract Glyoxalase I (Gly I) is the first enzyme in the glutathionine-dependent glyoxalase pathway for detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG) under stress conditions. Transgenic tomato ‘Money Maker’ plants overexpressing tomato SlGlyI gene (tomato unigene accession SGN-U582631/Solyc09g082120.3.1) were generated and homozygous lines were obtained after four generations of self-pollination. In this study, SlGlyI- overepxressing line (GlyI), wild type (WT, negative control) and plants transformed with empty vector (ECtr, positive control), were subjected to Al-treatment by growing in Magnavaca’s nutrient solution (pH 4.5) supplemented with 20 µM Al 3+ ion activity. After 30 days of treatments, the fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots of plants from Al-treated conditions decreased significantly compared to the non-treated conditions for all the three lines. When compared across the three lines, root fresh and dry weight of GlyI was significant higher than WT and ECtr, whereas there was no difference in shoot tissues. The basal 5 mm root-tips of GlyI plants expressed a significantly higher level of glyoxalase activity under both non-Al-treated and Al-treated conditions compared to the two control lines. Under Al-treated condition, there was a significant increase in MG content in ECtr and WT lines, but not in GlyI line. Quantitative proteomics analysis using tandem mass tags mass spectrometry identified 4080 quantifiable proteins and 201 Al-induced differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in root-tip tissues from GlyI, and 4273 proteins and 230 DEPs from ECtr. The Al-down-regulated DEPs were classified into molecular pathways of gene transcription, RNA splicing and protein biosynthesis in both GlyI and ECtr lines. The Al-induced DEPs in GlyI associated with tolerance to Al 3+ and MG toxicity are involved in callose degradation, cell wall components (xylan acetylation and pectin degradation), oxidative stress (antioxidants) and turnover of Al-damaged epidermal cells, repair of damaged DNA, epigenetics, gene transcription, and protein translation. A protein–protein association network was constructed to aid the selection of proteins in the same pathway but differentially regulated in GlyI or ECtr lines. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD009456 under project title ‘25Dec2017_Suping_XSexp2_ITAG3.2’ for SlGlyI- overexpressing tomato plants and PXD009848 under project title ‘25Dec2017_Suping_XSexp3_ITAG3.2’ for positive control ECtr line transformed with empty vector.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Al treatment significantly reduced shoot and root fresh and dry weight in all three lines.
- Taxon
- tomato plants
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Al-treated conditionse0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weight of shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- non-treated conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots of plants from Al-treated conditions decreased significantly compared to the non-treated conditions for all the three lines”
Claim · model-written summary
GlyI had significantly higher root fresh and dry weight than WT and ECtr.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- GlyIe0
- Outcome
- root fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- WT and ECtre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“root fresh and dry weight of GlyI was significant higher than WT and ECtr”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot tissue did not differ across the lines.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- shoot tissuese0
- Direction
- no differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“whereas there was no difference in shoot tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
GlyI root tips had significantly higher glyoxalase activity than control lines with and without aluminium.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- GlyIe0
- Organ / stage
- root-tipse0
- Gene
- glyoxalasee0
- Outcome
- glyoxalase activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the two control linese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“The basal 5 mm root-tips of GlyI plants expressed a significantly higher level of glyoxalase activity under both non-Al-treated and Al-treated conditions compared to the two control lines”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium significantly increased MG content in ECtr and WT lines.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- ECtr and WT linese0
- Treatment
- Al-treated conditione0
- Outcome
- MG contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“Under Al-treated condition, there was a significant increase in MG content in ECtr and WT lines, but not in GlyI line”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium did not increase MG content in GlyI.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- GlyI linee0
- Treatment
- Al-treated conditione0
- Outcome
- MG contente0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“Under Al-treated condition, there was a significant increase in MG content in ECtr and WT lines, but not in GlyI line”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteomics quantified 4080 proteins and identified 201 aluminium induced differentially expressed proteins in GlyI root tips.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- GlyIe0
- Organ / stage
- root-tip tissuese0
- Outcome
- quantifiable proteinse0
- Value
- 4080 quantifiable proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“identified 4080 quantifiable proteins and 201 Al-induced differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in root-tip tissues from GlyI”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteomics identified 201 aluminium induced differentially expressed proteins in GlyI root tips.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- GlyIe0
- Outcome
- Al-induced differentially expressed proteinse0
- Value
- 201 Al-induced differentially expressed proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“201 Al-induced differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in root-tip tissues from GlyI”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteomics quantified 4273 proteins in ECtr.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- ECtre0
- Outcome
- proteinse0
- Value
- 4273 proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“4273 proteins and 230 DEPs from ECtr”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteomics found 230 DEPs in ECtr.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- ECtre0
- Outcome
- DEPse0
- Value
- 230 DEPse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“4273 proteins and 230 DEPs from ECtr”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium downregulated proteins associated with transcription, RNA splicing and protein biosynthesis in both lines.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- DEPse0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
- Qualifier
- gene transcription, RNA splicing and protein biosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“The Al-down-regulated DEPs were classified into molecular pathways of gene transcription, RNA splicing and protein biosynthesis in both GlyI and ECtr lines”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium induced proteins in GlyI were associated with tolerance to aluminium and MG toxicity across several cellular processes.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- GlyIe0
- Outcome
- tolerance to Al 3+ and MG toxicitye0
- Qualifier
- callose degradation, cell wall components (xylan acetylation and pectin degradation), oxidative stress (antioxidants) and turnover of Al-damaged epidermal cells, repair of damaged DNA, epigenetics, gene transcription, and protein translatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“The Al-induced DEPs in GlyI associated with tolerance to Al 3+ and MG toxicity are involved in callose degradation, cell wall components (xylan acetylation and pectin degradation), oxidative stress (antioxidants) and turnover of Al-damaged epidermal cells, repair of damaged DNA, epigenetics, gene transcription, and protein translation”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein association network was constructed to select differentially regulated proteins in GlyI and ECtr.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- selection of proteins in the same pathway but differentially regulatede0
- Comparator
- GlyI or ECtr linese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“A protein–protein association network was constructed to aid the selection of proteins in the same pathway but differentially regulated in GlyI or ECtr lines”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteomics data were deposited for the GlyI and ECtr lines.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- Proteomics datae0
- Value
- PXD009456e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD009456 under project title ‘25Dec2017_Suping_XSexp2_ITAG3.2’ for SlGlyI- overexpressing tomato plants and PXD009848 under project title ‘25Dec2017_Suping_XSexp3_ITAG3.2’ for positive control ECtr line transformed with empty vector”
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