Abstract
Arsenic (As) contaminates the food chain and decreases agricultural production through impairing plants, particularly due to oxidative stress. To better understand the As tolerance mechanisms, two contrasting tobacco genotypes: As-sensitive Nicotiana sylvestris and As-tolerant N.tabacum, cv. ‘Wisconsin’ were analyzed. The most meaningful differences were found in the carbohydrate status, neglected so far in the As context. In the tolerant genotype, contrary to the sensitive one, net photosynthesis rates and saccharide levels were unaffected by As exposure. Importantly, the total antioxidant capacity was far stronger in the As-tolerant genotype, based on higher antioxidants levels (e.g., phenolics, ascorbate, glutathione) and activities and/or appropriate localizations of antioxidative enzymes, manifested as reverse root/shoot activities in the selected genotypes. Accordingly, malondialdehyde levels, a lipid peroxidation marker, increased only in sensitive tobacco, indicating efficient membrane protection in As-tolerant species. We bring new evidence of the orchestrated action of a broad spectrum of both antioxidant enzymes and molecules essential for As stress coping. For the first time, we propose robust carbohydrate metabolism based on undisturbed photosynthesis to be crucial not only for subsidizing C and energy for defense but also for participating in direct reactive oxygen species (ROS) quenching. The collected data and suggestions can serve as a basis for the selection of plant As phytoremediators or for targeted breeding of tolerant crops.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
In the As-tolerant tobacco genotype, net photosynthesis rates and saccharide levels were unaffected by As exposure, unlike in the sensitive genotype.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume1 - Material
- As-tolerant N.tabacum, cv. ‘Wisconsin’e1
- Treatment
- As exposuree0
- Outcome
- net photosynthesis rates and saccharide levelse0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the tolerant genotype, contrary to the sensitive one, net photosynthesis rates and saccharide levels were unaffected by As exposure”
e1“two contrasting tobacco genotypes: As-sensitive Nicotiana sylvestris and As-tolerant N.tabacum, cv. ‘Wisconsin’”
Claim · model-written summary
Total antioxidant capacity was far stronger in the As-tolerant genotype than in the sensitive one.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Material
- As-tolerant genotypee0
- Outcome
- total antioxidant capacitye0
- Direction
- strongere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total antioxidant capacity was far stronger in the As-tolerant genotype”
e1“two contrasting tobacco genotypes: As-sensitive Nicotiana sylvestris and As-tolerant N.tabacum, cv. ‘Wisconsin’”
Claim · model-written summary
The As-tolerant genotype had higher levels of antioxidants (e.g., phenolics, ascorbate, glutathione).
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Outcome
- antioxidants levels (e.g., phenolics, ascorbate, glutathione)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher antioxidants levels (e.g., phenolics, ascorbate, glutathione)”
e1“two contrasting tobacco genotypes: As-sensitive Nicotiana sylvestris and As-tolerant N.tabacum, cv. ‘Wisconsin’”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidative enzyme activities and/or localizations in the tolerant and sensitive genotypes showed reverse root/shoot activities.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Organ / stage
- root/shoote0
- Outcome
- reverse root/shoot activitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activities and/or appropriate localizations of antioxidative enzymes, manifested as reverse root/shoot activities in the selected genotypes”
e1“two contrasting tobacco genotypes: As-sensitive Nicotiana sylvestris and As-tolerant N.tabacum, cv. ‘Wisconsin’”
Claim · model-written summary
Malondialdehyde levels, a lipid peroxidation marker, increased only in sensitive tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Material
- sensitive tobaccoe0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“malondialdehyde levels, a lipid peroxidation marker, increased only in sensitive tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that robust carbohydrate metabolism based on undisturbed photosynthesis is crucial for subsidizing C and energy for defense and for direct ROS quenching.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Outcome
- direct reactive oxygen species (ROS) quenchinge0
- Qualifier
- robust carbohydrate metabolism based on undisturbed photosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we propose robust carbohydrate metabolism based on undisturbed photosynthesis to be crucial not only for subsidizing C and energy for defense but also for participating in direct reactive oxygen species (ROS) quenching”
e1“two contrasting tobacco genotypes: As-sensitive Nicotiana sylvestris and As-tolerant N.tabacum, cv. ‘Wisconsin’”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest the data can serve as a basis for selecting plant As phytoremediators or for targeted breeding of tolerant crops.
Verbatim
e0“can serve as a basis for the selection of plant As phytoremediators or for targeted breeding of tolerant crops”
The same questions in other papers
arsenic atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
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- negative
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heavy metal · physiology: photosynthesis · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
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3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.