Abstract
We investigated the effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on the physiological status, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthase activity, and gene expressions in germinating soybeans under NaCl stress. The results show that Spd significantly increases sprout growth and biomass, decreases malonaldehyde and H2O2 contents, and markedly promotes the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase of germinating soybeans. The harmful effect of NaCl stress was alleviated by exogenous Spd. GABA accumulation in germinating soybeans was caused by the activation of diamine oxidase, polyamine oxidase, aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase, and glutamate decarboxylase activities and by up-regulating their gene expression under Spd-NaCl treatment. The GABA content decreased by 57% and 46% in germinating soybeans with the application of aminoguanidine under Spd and Spd-NaCl treatments, respectively. In conclusion, spermidine induces the accumulation of GABA and increases sprouts biomass, thereby enhancing the functional quality of germinating soybeans.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine significantly increased soybean sprout growth and biomass.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- sproute0
- Treatment
- Spde0
- Outcome
- sprout growth and biomasse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spd significantly increases sprout growth and biomass”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine decreased malonaldehyde and H2O2 contents.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Spde0
- Outcome
- malonaldehyde and H2O2 contentse0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spd significantly increases sprout growth and biomass, decreases malonaldehyde and H2O2 contents”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine promoted superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activities.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Spde0
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidasee0
- Direction
- promotese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spd significantly increases sprout growth and biomass, decreases malonaldehyde and H2O2 contents, and markedly promotes the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine promoted glutathione peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Exogenous Spermidinet0
- Outcome
- glutathione peroxidasee0
- Direction
- promotese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“markedly promotes the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase”
t0“Exogenous Spermidine Promotes γ-Aminobutyric Acid Accumulation and Alleviates the Negative Effect of NaCl Stress in Germinating Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous spermidine alleviated the harmful effect of NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- exogenous Spde0
- Outcome
- harmful effect of NaCl stresse0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The harmful effect of NaCl stress was alleviated by exogenous Spd”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Under Spd-NaCl treatment, enzyme activation and upregulated expression contributed to GABA accumulation.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Spd-NaCl treatmente0
- Gene
- diamine oxidase, polyamine oxidase, aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase, and glutamate decarboxylasee0
- Outcome
- GABA accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- up-regulating their gene expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GABA accumulation in germinating soybeans was caused by the activation of diamine oxidase, polyamine oxidase, aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase, and glutamate decarboxylase activities and by up-regulating their gene expression under Spd-NaCl treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Aminoguanidine reduced GABA content by 57% under Spd treatment.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- application of aminoguanidinee0
- Outcome
- GABA contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 57%e0
- Comparator
- Spde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The GABA content decreased by 57% and 46% in germinating soybeans with the application of aminoguanidine under Spd and Spd-NaCl treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Aminoguanidine reduced GABA content by 46% under Spd-NaCl treatment.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- application of aminoguanidinee0
- Outcome
- GABA contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 46%e0
- Comparator
- Spd-NaCl treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The GABA content decreased by 57% and 46% in germinating soybeans with the application of aminoguanidine under Spd and Spd-NaCl treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude spermidine improves the functional quality of germinating soybeans through GABA accumulation and sprout biomass.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- spermidinee0
- Outcome
- functional quality of germinating soybeanse0
- Qualifier
- accumulation of GABA and increases sprouts biomasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spermidine induces the accumulation of GABA and increases sprouts biomass, thereby enhancing the functional quality of germinating soybeans”
The same questions in other papers
spermidine · molecular: metabolites · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
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spermidine · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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aminoguanidine · molecular: metabolites · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
spermidine · physiology: oxidative · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
spermidine · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.