Abstract
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of biochar (BC) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF)−Funneliformis mosseae (Fm), Glomus versiforme (Gv) and Rhizophagus intraradices (Ri) on the plant growth and Cd/Pb accumulation by corn grown in the soils artificially contaminated with 5 mg Cd and 300 mg Pb kg−1 soil. The single AMF inoculation and combined usage of AMF and BC evidently improved the P contents of maize. Furthermore, the combined use of AMF and BC produced pronounced positive effect on corn growth, and the shoot biomass in Gv + BC group was 9.85-fold higher than that of the control. Meanwhile, the single BC addition and combined utilization of AMF and BC significantly reduced Cd and Pb concentrations in maize, and the greater reduces were found in the combined utilization, and the lowest Cd concentration of shoot was appeared in Gv + BC group. The single BC addition and combined application of AMF and BC significantly increased soil pH, and reduced soil diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Cd/Pb. This study demonstrated a synergistic effect between AMF (Gv, Fm, Ri) and BC on improving maize growth and decreasing Cd/Pb accumulation in maize, and the combined use of Gv and BC brought the most pronounced effect, which could provide a feasible strategy for safe production of maize from Cd/Pb-polluted soils.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Single AMF inoculation improved maize P contents.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The single AMF inoculation and combined usage of AMF and BC evidently improved the P contents of maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined AMF and BC improved maize P contents.
- Treatment
- combined usage of AMF and BCe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- P contentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The single AMF inoculation and combined usage of AMF and BC evidently improved the P contents of maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined AMF and BC positively affected corn growth.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- combined use of AMF and BCe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, the combined use of AMF and BC produced pronounced positive effect on corn growth, and the shoot biomass in Gv + BC group was 9.85-fold higher than that of the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot biomass in the Gv + BC group was 9.85-fold higher than the control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Gv + BCe0
- Interactor
- Gv
Betabaculoviruse0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 9.85-folde0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, the combined use of AMF and BC produced pronounced positive effect on corn growth, and the shoot biomass in Gv + BC group was 9.85-fold higher than that of the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Single BC addition significantly reduced maize Cd and Pb concentrations.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, the single BC addition and combined utilization of AMF and BC significantly reduced Cd and Pb concentrations in maize, and the greater reduces were found in the combined utilization, and the lowest Cd concentration of shoot was appeared in Gv + BC group.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined AMF and BC significantly reduced maize Cd and Pb concentrations, with greater reductions than single BC addition.
- Treatment
- combined utilization of AMF and BCe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Cd and Pb concentrationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- greater reducese0
- Comparator
- single BC additione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, the single BC addition and combined utilization of AMF and BC significantly reduced Cd and Pb concentrations in maize, and the greater reduces were found in the combined utilization, and the lowest Cd concentration of shoot was appeared in Gv + BC group.”
Claim · model-written summary
The Gv + BC group had the lowest shoot Cd concentration.
- Treatment
- Gv + BCe0
- Interactor
- Gv
- Outcome
- Cd concentration of shoote0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, the single BC addition and combined utilization of AMF and BC significantly reduced Cd and Pb concentrations in maize, and the greater reduces were found in the combined utilization, and the lowest Cd concentration of shoot was appeared in Gv + BC group.”
Claim · model-written summary
Single BC addition significantly increased soil pH.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The single BC addition and combined application of AMF and BC significantly increased soil pH, and reduced soil diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Cd/Pb.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined AMF and BC significantly increased soil pH.
- Treatment
- combined application of AMF and BCe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The single BC addition and combined application of AMF and BC significantly increased soil pH, and reduced soil diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Cd/Pb.”
Claim · model-written summary
Single BC addition reduced soil DTPA-extractable Cd/Pb.
- Treatment
- single BC additione0
- Outcome
- soil diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Cd/Pbe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The single BC addition and combined application of AMF and BC significantly increased soil pH, and reduced soil diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Cd/Pb.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined AMF and BC reduced soil DTPA-extractable Cd/Pb.
- Treatment
- combined application of AMF and BCe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- soil diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Cd/Pbe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The single BC addition and combined application of AMF and BC significantly increased soil pH, and reduced soil diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Cd/Pb.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify combined Gv and BC as a feasible strategy for safe maize production on Cd/Pb-polluted soils.
- Interactor
- Gv
- Outcome
- combined use of Gv and BCe0
- Qualifier
- could provide a feasible strategye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined use of Gv and BC brought the most pronounced effect, which could provide a feasible strategy for safe production of maize from Cd/Pb-polluted soils.”
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See all 306 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.