Abstract
Environmental stress factors caused by climate change affect plant growth and crop production, and pose a growing threat to sustainable agriculture, especially for tree crops. In this context, we sought to investigate the responses to climate change of two Prunus rootstocks (GF677 and Adesoto) budded with Catherina peach cultivar. Plants were grown in 15 L pots in temperature gradient greenhouses for an 18 day acclimation period after which six treatments were applied: [CO2 levels (400 versus 700 µmol mol-1), temperature (ambient versus ambient + 4ºC), and water availability (well irrigated versus drought)]. After 23 days, the effects of stress were evaluated as changes in physiological and biochemical traits, including expression of relevant genes. Stem water potential decreased under drought stress in GF677 and Adesoto genotypes, however, elevated CO2 and temperature affected plant water content differently in both genotypes. The photosynthetic rate of plants grafted on GF677 increased under high CO2, but decreased under high temperature and drought conditions. The photosynthetic rates of plants grafted onto Adesoto were only affected by drought treatment. Furthermore, in GF677, elevated CO2 alleviated the effect of drought, whereas in Adesoto, the same condition produced acclimation in the photosynthetic rate. Stomatal conductance decreased under high CO2 and drought stress in both genotypes, and the combination of these conditions improved photosynthetic water-use efficiency. Changes in the sugar content in leaves and roots were significantly different under the stress conditions in both rootstocks. Meanwhile, the expression of most of the assessed genes was significantly affected by treatment. Regarding genotypes, GF677 rootstock showed more changes at the molecular and transcriptomic level than did Adesoto rootstock. A coordinated shift was found between the physiological status and the transcriptomic responses. This study revealed adaptive responses to climate change at the physiological, metabolic, and transcriptomic levels in two Prunus rootstocks budded with ‘Catherina’. Overall, these results demonstrate the resilient capacity and plasticity of these contrasting genotypes, which can be further used to combat ongoing climate changes and support sustainable peach production.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced stem water potential in GF677.
- Taxon
- Peach
Prunus persicat0 - Material
- GF677e0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- Stem water potentiale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem water potential decreased under drought stress in GF677 and Adesoto genotypes”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced stem water potential in Adesoto.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicat0
- Material
- Adesotoe0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- Stem water potentiale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem water potential decreased under drought stress in GF677 and Adesoto genotypes”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 and temperature affected plant water content differently between GF677 and Adesoto.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2 and temperaturee0
- Outcome
- plant water contente0
- Qualifier
- differently in both genotypese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated CO2 and temperature affected plant water content differently in both genotypes”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
High CO2 increased photosynthetic rate in plants grafted on GF677.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicat0
- Material
- GF677e0
- Treatment
- high CO2e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photosynthetic rate of plants grafted on GF677 increased under high CO2”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature decreased photosynthetic rate in plants grafted on GF677.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicat0
- Material
- GF677e0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photosynthetic rate of plants grafted on GF677 increased under high CO2, but decreased under high temperature and drought conditions”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased photosynthetic rate in plants grafted on GF677.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicat0
- Material
- GF677e0
- Treatment
- drought conditionse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photosynthetic rate of plants grafted on GF677 increased under high CO2, but decreased under high temperature and drought conditions”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic rate in plants grafted on Adesoto was affected only by drought.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicat0
- Material
- Adesotoe0
- Treatment
- drought treatmente0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photosynthetic rates of plants grafted onto Adesoto were only affected by drought treatment”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 alleviated the effect of drought in GF677.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicat0
- Material
- GF677e0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- effect of droughte0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in GF677, elevated CO2 alleviated the effect of drought”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 under drought produced acclimation in photosynthetic rate in Adesoto.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicat0
- Material
- Adesotoe0
- Treatment
- same conditione0
- Outcome
- acclimation in the photosynthetic ratee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Adesoto, the same condition produced acclimation in the photosynthetic rate”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
High CO2 decreased stomatal conductance in both genotypes.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- high CO2e0
- Outcome
- Stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stomatal conductance decreased under high CO2 and drought stress in both genotypes”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased stomatal conductance in both genotypes.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- Stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stomatal conductance decreased under high CO2 and drought stress in both genotypes”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined high CO2 and drought improved photosynthetic water-use efficiency.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- combination of these conditionse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic water-use efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of these conditions improved photosynthetic water-use efficiency”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf sugar content differed significantly under stress conditions in both rootstocks.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- sugar content in leavese0
- Direction
- differente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Changes in the sugar content in leaves and roots were significantly different under the stress conditions in both rootstocks”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Root sugar content differed significantly under stress conditions in both rootstocks.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- sugar content in leaves and rootse0
- Direction
- differente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Changes in the sugar content in leaves and roots were significantly different under the stress conditions in both rootstocks”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment significantly affected expression of most assessed genes.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Outcome
- expression of most of the assessed genese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of most of the assessed genes was significantly affected by treatment”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
GF677 showed more molecular and transcriptomic changes than Adesoto.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicat0
- Material
- GF677e0
- Outcome
- changes at the molecular and transcriptomic levele0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- Adesotoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GF677 rootstock showed more changes at the molecular and transcriptomic level than did Adesoto rootstock”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Physiological status and transcriptomic responses shifted together.
- Taxon
- PeachPrunus persicat0
- Outcome
- coordinated shifte0
Not reportedOrgan / stageDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A coordinated shift was found between the physiological status and the transcriptomic responses”
t0“Peach”
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