Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is reported to be the most important climate variable in greenhouse production with its effect on plant photosynthetic assimilation. A greenhouse study was conducted using a nutrient film technique (NFT) system to quantify the effect of two different levels of CO2 (supplemented at an average of 800 ppm and ambient at ~410 ppm) on growth and nutritional quality of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) ‘Cardinal’, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) ‘Auvona’, and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L.) ‘Magenta Sunset’ cultivars. Two identical greenhouses were used: one with CO2 supplementation and the other serving as the control with an ambient CO2 concentration. The results indicate that supplemented CO2 could significantly increase the height and width of hydroponically grown leafy greens. Supplemented CO2 increased the fresh weight of basil ‘Cardinal’, lettuce ‘Auvona’, and Swiss chard ‘Magenta Sunset’ by 29%, 24.7%, and 39.5%, respectively, and dry weight by 34.4%, 21.4%, and 40.1%, respectively. These results correspond to a significant reduction in Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) and atLEAF values, which represent a decrease in leaf chlorophyll content under supplemented CO2 conditions. Chlorophyll, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations were generally lower in plants grown in supplemented CO2 conditions, but the results were not consistent for each species. Supplemented CO2 reduced tissue N concentration for basil ‘Cardinal’ and lettuce ‘Auvona’ but not Swiss chard, while Mg concentration was reduced in supplemented CO2 for Swiss chard ‘Magenta Sunset’ only. In contrast, Fe concentration was increased under supplemented CO2 for basil ‘Cardinal’ only. These findings suggest CO2 supplementation could increase yield of leafy greens grown with hydroponics and have varying impact on different mineral concentrations among species.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental CO2 significantly increased leafy green height and width.
Verbatim
e0“supplemented CO2 could significantly increase the height and width of hydroponically grown leafy greens”
e1“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) ‘Cardinal’, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) ‘Auvona’, and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L.) ‘Magenta Sunset’ cultivars”
e2“one with CO2 supplementation and the other serving as the control with an ambient CO2 concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental CO2 increased basil fresh weight by 29%.
- Taxon
- basil
Ocimum basilicume0 - Material
- ‘Cardinal’e0
- Treatment
- Supplemented CO2e0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29%e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 concentratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplemented CO2 increased the fresh weight of basil ‘Cardinal’, lettuce ‘Auvona’, and Swiss chard ‘Magenta Sunset’ by 29%, 24.7%, and 39.5%, respectively”
e1“ambient CO2 concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental CO2 increased lettuce fresh weight by 24.7%.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Material
- ‘Auvona’e0
- Treatment
- Supplemented CO2e0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24.7%e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 concentratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplemented CO2 increased the fresh weight of basil ‘Cardinal’, lettuce ‘Auvona’, and Swiss chard ‘Magenta Sunset’ by 29%, 24.7%, and 39.5%, respectively”
e1“ambient CO2 concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental CO2 increased Swiss chard fresh weight by 39.5%.
- Taxon
- Swiss chard
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0 - Material
- ‘Magenta Sunset’e0
- Treatment
- Supplemented CO2e0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 39.5%e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 concentratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplemented CO2 increased the fresh weight of basil ‘Cardinal’, lettuce ‘Auvona’, and Swiss chard ‘Magenta Sunset’ by 29%, 24.7%, and 39.5%, respectively”
e1“ambient CO2 concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental CO2 increased basil dry weight by 34.4%.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- Supplemented CO2e1
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 34.4%e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 concentratione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry weight by 34.4%, 21.4%, and 40.1%, respectively”
e1“Supplemented CO2 increased the fresh weight of basil ‘Cardinal’, lettuce ‘Auvona’, and Swiss chard ‘Magenta Sunset’”
e2“ambient CO2 concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental CO2 increased lettuce dry weight by 21.4%.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- Supplemented CO2e1
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 21.4%e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 concentratione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry weight by 34.4%, 21.4%, and 40.1%, respectively”
e1“Supplemented CO2 increased the fresh weight of basil ‘Cardinal’, lettuce ‘Auvona’, and Swiss chard ‘Magenta Sunset’”
e2“ambient CO2 concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental CO2 increased Swiss chard dry weight by 40.1%.
- Taxon
- Swiss chardBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Supplemented CO2e1
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 40.1%e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 concentratione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry weight by 34.4%, 21.4%, and 40.1%, respectively”
e1“Supplemented CO2 increased the fresh weight of basil ‘Cardinal’, lettuce ‘Auvona’, and Swiss chard ‘Magenta Sunset’”
e2“ambient CO2 concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental CO2 significantly reduced SPAD and atLEAF chlorophyll indicators.
Verbatim
e0“a significant reduction in Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) and atLEAF values, which represent a decrease in leaf chlorophyll content under supplemented CO2 conditions”
e1“hydroponically grown leafy greens”
e2“ambient CO2 concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll, N, P and Mg concentrations were generally lower under supplemental CO2, inconsistently among species.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations were generally lower in plants grown in supplemented CO2 conditions, but the results were not consistent for each species”
e1“hydroponically grown leafy greens”
e2“ambient CO2 concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental CO2 reduced tissue N in basil Cardinal.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume0
- Material
- ‘Cardinal’e0
- Treatment
- Supplemented CO2e0
- Outcome
- tissue N concentratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 concentratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplemented CO2 reduced tissue N concentration for basil ‘Cardinal’ and lettuce ‘Auvona’ but not Swiss chard”
e1“ambient CO2 concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental CO2 reduced tissue N in lettuce Auvona.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Material
- ‘Auvona’e0
- Treatment
- Supplemented CO2e0
- Outcome
- tissue N concentratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 concentratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplemented CO2 reduced tissue N concentration for basil ‘Cardinal’ and lettuce ‘Auvona’ but not Swiss chard”
e1“ambient CO2 concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental CO2 did not reduce tissue N in Swiss chard.
- Taxon
- Swiss chardBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Supplemented CO2e0
- Outcome
- tissue N concentratione0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 concentratione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplemented CO2 reduced tissue N concentration for basil ‘Cardinal’ and lettuce ‘Auvona’ but not Swiss chard”
e1“ambient CO2 concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental CO2 reduced Mg concentration in Swiss chard Magenta Sunset only.
- Taxon
- Swiss chardBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Material
- ‘Magenta Sunset’e0
- Treatment
- supplemented CO2e0
- Outcome
- Mg concentratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 concentratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg concentration was reduced in supplemented CO2 for Swiss chard ‘Magenta Sunset’ only”
e1“ambient CO2 concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental CO2 increased Fe concentration in basil Cardinal only.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume0
- Material
- ‘Cardinal’e0
- Treatment
- supplemented CO2e0
- Outcome
- Fe concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2 concentratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fe concentration was increased under supplemented CO2 for basil ‘Cardinal’ only”
e1“ambient CO2 concentration”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · growth · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
co2 · growth · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
co2 · nutrient: content · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →co2 · growth · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
32 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
38 papers more in this group
See all 42 papers →co2 · nutrient: content · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.