Abstract
Effects on sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) of current and elevated CO 2 and temperature alone and in combination and their interactions with abundant and deficient nitrogen supply (HN and LN, respectively) have been studied in three experiments in 1993, 1994 and 1995. Averaged over all experiments, elevated CO 2 (600 μ mol mol –1 in 1993 and 700 μ mol mol –1 in 1994 and 1995) increased total dry mass at final harvest by 21% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 21, 22) and 11% (CI = 6, 15) and root dry mass by 26% (CI = 19, 32) and 12% (CI = 6, 18) for HN and LN plants, respectively. Warmer temperature decreased total dry mass by 11% (CI = – 15, – 7) and 9% (CI = – 15, – 5) and root dry mass by 7% (CI = – 12, – 2) and 7% (CI = – 10, 0) for HN and LN plants, respectively. There was no significant interaction between temperature and CO 2 on total or root dry mass. Neither elevated CO 2 nor temperature significantly affected sucrose concentration per unit root dry mass. Concentrations of glycinebetaine and of amino acids, measured as α ‐amino‐N, decreased in elevated CO 2 in both N applications; glycinebetaine by 13% (CI = – 21, – 5) and 16% (CI = – 24, – 8) and α ‐amino‐N by 24% (CI = – 36, – 11) and 16% (CI = – 26, – 5) for HN and LN, respectively. Warmer temperature increased α ‐amino‐N, by 76% (CI = 50, 107) for HN and 21% (CI = 7, 36) for LN plants, but not glycinebetaine.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased total dry mass of sugar beet at final harvest by 21% under abundant nitrogen (HN) compared with current CO2.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- total dry mass at final harveste1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 21%e1
- Qualifier
- HNe1
- Comparator
- currente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“current and elevated CO 2 and temperature alone and in combination”
e1“elevated CO 2 (600 μ mol mol –1 in 1993 and 700 μ mol mol –1 in 1994 and 1995) increased total dry mass at final harvest by 21% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 21, 22) and 11% (CI = 6, 15) and root dry mass by 26% (CI = 19, 32) and 12% (CI = 6, 18) for HN and LN plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased total dry mass of sugar beet at final harvest by 11% under deficient nitrogen (LN) compared with current CO2.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- total dry mass at final harveste1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 11%e1
- Qualifier
- LNe1
- Comparator
- currente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“current and elevated CO 2 and temperature alone and in combination”
e1“elevated CO 2 (600 μ mol mol –1 in 1993 and 700 μ mol mol –1 in 1994 and 1995) increased total dry mass at final harvest by 21% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 21, 22) and 11% (CI = 6, 15) and root dry mass by 26% (CI = 19, 32) and 12% (CI = 6, 18) for HN and LN plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased root dry mass of sugar beet by 26% under abundant nitrogen (HN) compared with current CO2.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- root dry masse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 26%e1
- Qualifier
- HNe1
- Comparator
- currente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“current and elevated CO 2 and temperature alone and in combination”
e1“elevated CO 2 (600 μ mol mol –1 in 1993 and 700 μ mol mol –1 in 1994 and 1995) increased total dry mass at final harvest by 21% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 21, 22) and 11% (CI = 6, 15) and root dry mass by 26% (CI = 19, 32) and 12% (CI = 6, 18) for HN and LN plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased root dry mass of sugar beet by 12% under deficient nitrogen (LN) compared with current CO2.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- root dry masse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 12%e1
- Qualifier
- LNe1
- Comparator
- currente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“current and elevated CO 2 and temperature alone and in combination”
e1“elevated CO 2 (600 μ mol mol –1 in 1993 and 700 μ mol mol –1 in 1994 and 1995) increased total dry mass at final harvest by 21% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 21, 22) and 11% (CI = 6, 15) and root dry mass by 26% (CI = 19, 32) and 12% (CI = 6, 18) for HN and LN plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Warmer temperature decreased total dry mass of sugar beet by 11% under abundant nitrogen (HN) compared with current temperature.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Warmer temperaturee2
- Outcome
- total dry masse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 11%e2
- Qualifier
- HNe2
- Comparator
- currente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“current and elevated CO 2 and temperature alone and in combination”
e2“Warmer temperature decreased total dry mass by 11% (CI = – 15, – 7) and 9% (CI = – 15, – 5) and root dry mass by 7% (CI = – 12, – 2) and 7% (CI = – 10, 0) for HN and LN plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Warmer temperature decreased total dry mass of sugar beet by 9% under deficient nitrogen (LN) compared with current temperature.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Warmer temperaturee2
- Outcome
- total dry masse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 9%e2
- Qualifier
- LNe2
- Comparator
- currente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“current and elevated CO 2 and temperature alone and in combination”
e2“Warmer temperature decreased total dry mass by 11% (CI = – 15, – 7) and 9% (CI = – 15, – 5) and root dry mass by 7% (CI = – 12, – 2) and 7% (CI = – 10, 0) for HN and LN plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Warmer temperature decreased root dry mass of sugar beet by 7% under abundant nitrogen (HN) compared with current temperature.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Warmer temperaturee2
- Outcome
- root dry masse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 7%e2
- Qualifier
- HNe2
- Comparator
- currente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“current and elevated CO 2 and temperature alone and in combination”
e2“Warmer temperature decreased total dry mass by 11% (CI = – 15, – 7) and 9% (CI = – 15, – 5) and root dry mass by 7% (CI = – 12, – 2) and 7% (CI = – 10, 0) for HN and LN plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Warmer temperature decreased root dry mass of sugar beet by 7% under deficient nitrogen (LN) compared with current temperature.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Warmer temperaturee2
- Outcome
- root dry masse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 7%e2
- Qualifier
- LNe2
- Comparator
- currente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“current and elevated CO 2 and temperature alone and in combination”
e2“Warmer temperature decreased total dry mass by 11% (CI = – 15, – 7) and 9% (CI = – 15, – 5) and root dry mass by 7% (CI = – 12, – 2) and 7% (CI = – 10, 0) for HN and LN plants”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no significant interaction between temperature and CO2 on total or root dry mass of sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- temperature and CO 2e3
- Outcome
- total or root dry masse3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Comparator
- currente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“current and elevated CO 2 and temperature alone and in combination”
e3“There was no significant interaction between temperature and CO 2 on total or root dry mass”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 did not significantly affect sucrose concentration per unit root dry mass in sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e4
- Outcome
- sucrose concentration per unit root dry masse4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Comparator
- currente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“current and elevated CO 2 and temperature alone and in combination”
e4“Neither elevated CO 2 nor temperature significantly affected sucrose concentration per unit root dry mass”
Claim · model-written summary
Warmer temperature did not significantly affect sucrose concentration per unit root dry mass in sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- temperaturee4
- Outcome
- sucrose concentration per unit root dry masse4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Comparator
- currente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“current and elevated CO 2 and temperature alone and in combination”
e4“Neither elevated CO 2 nor temperature significantly affected sucrose concentration per unit root dry mass”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased glycinebetaine concentration in sugar beet by 13% under HN (first value) and 16% under LN (second value) compared with current CO2.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e5
- Outcome
- glycinebetainee5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 13%e5
- Comparator
- currente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“current and elevated CO 2 and temperature alone and in combination”
e5“decreased in elevated CO 2 in both N applications; glycinebetaine by 13% (CI = – 21, – 5) and 16% (CI = – 24, – 8)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased glycinebetaine concentration in sugar beet by 16% in the second nitrogen application (LN) compared with current CO2.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e5
- Outcome
- glycinebetainee5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 16%e5
- Comparator
- currente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“current and elevated CO 2 and temperature alone and in combination”
e5“decreased in elevated CO 2 in both N applications; glycinebetaine by 13% (CI = – 21, – 5) and 16% (CI = – 24, – 8)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased amino acid concentration, measured as alpha-amino-N, in sugar beet by 24% under HN compared with current CO2.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e6
- Outcome
- α ‐amino‐Ne7
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- 24%e7
- Comparator
- currente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“current and elevated CO 2 and temperature alone and in combination”
e6“decreased in elevated CO 2 in both N applications”
e7“α ‐amino‐N by 24% (CI = – 36, – 11) and 16% (CI = – 26, – 5)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased amino acid concentration, measured as alpha-amino-N, in sugar beet by 16% under LN compared with current CO2.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e6
- Outcome
- α ‐amino‐Ne7
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- 16%e7
- Comparator
- currente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“current and elevated CO 2 and temperature alone and in combination”
e6“decreased in elevated CO 2 in both N applications”
e7“α ‐amino‐N by 24% (CI = – 36, – 11) and 16% (CI = – 26, – 5)”
Claim · model-written summary
Warmer temperature increased alpha-amino-N in sugar beet by 76% under abundant nitrogen (HN) compared with current temperature.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Warmer temperaturee2
- Outcome
- α ‐amino‐Ne2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 76%e2
- Qualifier
- HNe2
- Comparator
- currente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“current and elevated CO 2 and temperature alone and in combination”
e2“Warmer temperature increased α ‐amino‐N, by 76% (CI = 50, 107) for HN”
Claim · model-written summary
Warmer temperature increased alpha-amino-N in sugar beet by 21% under deficient nitrogen (LN) compared with current temperature.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Warmer temperaturee2
- Outcome
- α ‐amino‐Ne2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 21%e2
- Qualifier
- LNe2
- Comparator
- currente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“current and elevated CO 2 and temperature alone and in combination”
e2“Warmer temperature increased α ‐amino‐N, by 76% (CI = 50, 107) for HN and 21% (CI = 7, 36) for LN plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Warmer temperature did not increase glycinebetaine concentration in sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Warmer temperaturee2
- Outcome
- glycinebetainee2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
- Comparator
- currente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“current and elevated CO 2 and temperature alone and in combination”
e2“Warmer temperature increased α ‐amino‐N, by 76% (CI = 50, 107) for HN and 21% (CI = 7, 36) for LN plants, but not glycinebetaine”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · growth · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
co2 · yield · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.