Abstract
Abstract The accumulation of soybean seed constituents such as anthocyanin, proanthocyanidin (PA), and sucrose is affected by various environmental stresses. Considerable information is available on the effects of different environmental stresses; however, the effect of shade at various development stages on the accumulation of the various seed constituents remains elusive. We investigated the effect of shade application on anthocyanin, PA, and sucrose contents at different seed development stages of two black soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varieties. This study comprised two separate trials: maize–soybean relay intercropping (IC) and soybean monoculture. The shade treatments in the soybean monoculture trial comprised shade applications at whole growth stage, at vegetative stage (SV), and at reproductive stage (SR) and a no‐shade control. Anthocyanin, PA, and sucrose contents were analyzed from seeds obtained at development stages of full‐size seed (R6), physiological maturity (R7), full maturity, 95% mature pods on the plant (R8), and natural air dry (AD). Genotype, shade, and planting season and their interactions had a strong influence on anthocyanin, PA, and sucrose accumulation in soybean seeds at the different seed development stages. Among all the shade treatments, relay IC recorded the highest anthocyanin contents in 2017 (1.88 mg g −1 ) and 2018 (1.76 mg g −1 ) in AD seeds. In addition, the application of shade increased PA, and maximum PA (27.14 mg g −1 ) was obtained in the SV treatment at R6 stage. The overall best sucrose contents (6.14 mg g −1 in 2017 and 7.04 mg g −1 in 2018) were obtained in soybean seeds harvested at R8 under SV treatment.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype, shade, planting season and interactions strongly influenced anthocyanin, PA and sucrose accumulation across seed stages.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- soybean seedse0
- Treatment
- shadee0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin, PA, and sucrose accumulatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotype, shade, and planting season and their interactions had a strong influence on anthocyanin, PA, and sucrose accumulation in soybean seeds at the different seed development stages.”
Claim · model-written summary
Relay intercropping had the highest anthocyanin content in air-dry seeds in 2017.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- AD seedse0
- Treatment
- relay ICe0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.88 mg g −1e0
- Qualifier
- 2017e0
- Comparator
- shade treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all the shade treatments, relay IC recorded the highest anthocyanin contents in 2017 (1.88 mg g −1 ) and 2018 (1.76 mg g −1 ) in AD seeds.”
t0“black soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Relay intercropping had the highest anthocyanin content in air-dry seeds in 2018.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- AD seedse0
- Treatment
- relay ICe0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.76 mg g −1e0
- Qualifier
- 2018e0
- Comparator
- shade treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all the shade treatments, relay IC recorded the highest anthocyanin contents in 2017 (1.88 mg g −1 ) and 2018 (1.76 mg g −1 ) in AD seeds.”
t0“black soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Shade increased seed PA content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- application of shadee0
- Outcome
- PAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, the application of shade increased PA, and maximum PA (27.14 mg g −1 ) was obtained in the SV treatment at R6 stage.”
t0“black soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative-stage shading gave maximum PA at R6.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- R6 stagee0
- Treatment
- SV treatmente0
- Outcome
- PAe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 27.14 mg g −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, the application of shade increased PA, and maximum PA (27.14 mg g −1 ) was obtained in the SV treatment at R6 stage.”
t0“black soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative-stage shading gave the best sucrose content at R8 in 2017.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- soybean seeds harvested at R8e0
- Treatment
- SV treatmente0
- Outcome
- sucrose contentse0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 6.14 mg g −1e0
- Qualifier
- 2017e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overall best sucrose contents (6.14 mg g −1 in 2017 and 7.04 mg g −1 in 2018) were obtained in soybean seeds harvested at R8 under SV treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative-stage shading gave the best sucrose content at R8 in 2018.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- soybean seeds harvested at R8e0
- Treatment
- SV treatmente0
- Outcome
- sucrose contentse0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 7.04 mg g −1e0
- Qualifier
- 2018e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overall best sucrose contents (6.14 mg g −1 in 2017 and 7.04 mg g −1 in 2018) were obtained in soybean seeds harvested at R8 under SV treatment.”
The same questions in other papers
shade · molecular: metabolites · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.