Paper · 2020 · Plant Biology

Silicon induces phytochelatin and ROS scavengers facilitating cadmium detoxification in rice

M. A. Bari; S. A. Prity; U. Das; et al.

10
claims
20
verbatim quotes
58
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) is detrimental to crops and the environment. This work examines the natural mechanisms underlying silicon‐ (Si‐)directed Cd detoxification in rice plants. The addition of Si to plants under Cd stress caused significant improvements in morphological parameters, chlorophyll score, F v /F m and total soluble protein concentration compared to controls, confirming that Si is able to ameliorate Cd‐induced damage in rice plants. This morpho‐physiological evidence was correlated with decreased cell death and electrolyte leakage after Si application. The results showed no critical changes in root Cd concentration, while shoot Cd decreased significantly after Si supplementation in comparison with Cd‐stressed rice. Additionally, expression of Cd transporters ( OsNRAMP5 and OsHMA2 ) was significantly down‐regulated while the concentration of phytochelatin, cysteine and glutathione, together with expression of OsPCS1 (phytochelatin synthase) in roots of Cd‐stressed rice was significantly induced when subjected to Si treatment. This confirms that the alleviation of Cd stress is not only limited to the down‐regulation of Cd transporters but also closely related to the phytochelatin‐driven vacuolar storage of Cd in rice roots. The enzymatic analysis further revealed the role of SOD and GR enzymes in protecting rice plants from Cd‐induced oxidative harm. These findings suggest a mechanistic basis in rice plants for Si‐mediated mitigation of Cd stress.

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Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Silicon added to rice under Cd stress significantly improved morphological parameters, chlorophyll score and Fv/Fm compared with controls.

Treatment
addition of Sie1
Outcome
morphological parameters, chlorophyll score, F v /F me1
Direction
improvementse1
Qualifier
under Cd stresse1
Comparator
controlse1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“detoxification in rice plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 146–175 · show in text ↑
e1

“The addition of Si to plants under Cd stress caused significant improvements in morphological parameters, chlorophyll score, F v /F m and total soluble protein concentration compared to controls”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 177–371 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Silicon added to rice under Cd stress significantly improved total soluble protein concentration compared with controls.

Treatment
addition of Sie1
Outcome
total soluble protein concentratione1
Direction
improvementse1
Qualifier
under Cd stresse1
Comparator
controlse1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“detoxification in rice plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 146–175 · show in text ↑
e1

“The addition of Si to plants under Cd stress caused significant improvements in morphological parameters, chlorophyll score, F v /F m and total soluble protein concentration compared to controls”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 177–371 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Silicon application was correlated with decreased cell death and electrolyte leakage in rice.

Treatment
Si applicatione2
Outcome
cell death and electrolyte leakagee2
Direction
decreasede2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“detoxification in rice plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 146–175 · show in text ↑
e2

“decreased cell death and electrolyte leakage after Si application”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 503–568 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Silicon supplementation caused no critical change in root Cd concentration of Cd-stressed rice.

Treatment
Si supplementatione3
Outcome
root Cd concentratione3
Direction
no critical changese3
Comparator
Cd‑stressed ricee3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“detoxification in rice plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 146–175 · show in text ↑
e3

“The results showed no critical changes in root Cd concentration, while shoot Cd decreased significantly after Si supplementation in comparison with Cd‑stressed rice”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 570–734 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Silicon supplementation significantly decreased shoot Cd in comparison with Cd-stressed rice.

Treatment
Si supplementatione3
Outcome
shoot Cde3
Direction
decreasede3
Comparator
Cd‑stressed ricee3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“detoxification in rice plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 146–175 · show in text ↑
e3

“The results showed no critical changes in root Cd concentration, while shoot Cd decreased significantly after Si supplementation in comparison with Cd‑stressed rice”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 570–734 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Silicon treatment significantly down-regulated expression of the Cd transporters OsNRAMP5 and OsHMA2 in rice relative to Cd-stressed rice.

Treatment
Si treatmente4
Gene
OsNRAMP5 and OsHMA2e4
Outcome
expression of Cd transporterse4
Direction
down‑regulatede4
Comparator
Cd‑stressed ricee4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“detoxification in rice plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 146–175 · show in text ↑
e4

“Additionally, expression of Cd transporters ( OsNRAMP5 and OsHMA2 ) was significantly down‑regulated while the concentration of phytochelatin, cysteine and glutathione, together with expression of OsPCS1 (phytochelatin synthase) in roots of Cd‑stressed rice was significantly induced when subjected to Si treatment”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 736–1050 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Silicon treatment significantly induced phytochelatin, cysteine and glutathione concentrations in the roots of Cd-stressed rice.

Organ / stage
rootse4
Treatment
Si treatmente4
Outcome
concentration of phytochelatin, cysteine and glutathionee4
Direction
inducede4
Comparator
Cd‑stressed ricee4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“detoxification in rice plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 146–175 · show in text ↑
e4

“Additionally, expression of Cd transporters ( OsNRAMP5 and OsHMA2 ) was significantly down‑regulated while the concentration of phytochelatin, cysteine and glutathione, together with expression of OsPCS1 (phytochelatin synthase) in roots of Cd‑stressed rice was significantly induced when subjected to Si treatment”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 736–1050 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Silicon treatment significantly induced expression of OsPCS1 in the roots of Cd-stressed rice.

Organ / stage
rootse4
Treatment
Si treatmente4
Gene
OsPCS1e4
Outcome
expression of OsPCS1e4
Direction
inducede4
Comparator
Cd‑stressed ricee4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“detoxification in rice plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 146–175 · show in text ↑
e4

“Additionally, expression of Cd transporters ( OsNRAMP5 and OsHMA2 ) was significantly down‑regulated while the concentration of phytochelatin, cysteine and glutathione, together with expression of OsPCS1 (phytochelatin synthase) in roots of Cd‑stressed rice was significantly induced when subjected to Si treatment”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 736–1050 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Cd alleviation by silicon is closely related to phytochelatin-driven vacuolar storage of Cd in rice roots, beyond transporter down-regulation.

Compound
phytochelatine5
Outcome
the alleviation of Cd stresse5
Qualifier
phytochelatin‑driven vacuolar storage of Cde5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“detoxification in rice plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 146–175 · show in text ↑
e5

“the alleviation of Cd stress is not only limited to the down‑regulation of Cd transporters but also closely related to the phytochelatin‑driven vacuolar storage of Cd in rice roots”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 1071–1251 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

SOD and GR enzymes protect rice plants from Cd-induced oxidative harm.

Taxon
rice plantsOryza sativae6
Gene
SOD and GRe6
Outcome
Cd‑induced oxidative harme6
Qualifier
protecting rice plantse6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“detoxification in rice plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 146–175 · show in text ↑
e6

“The enzymatic analysis further revealed the role of SOD and GR enzymes in protecting rice plants from Cd‑induced oxidative harm”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 1253–1380 · show in text ↑

silicon atom · physiology: osmolytes · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

18 papers: 18 positive, 0 negative or no effect

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silicon atom · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

177 papers: 164 positive, 13 negative or no effect

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silicon atom · molecular: expression · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

26 papers: 21 positive, 5 negative or no effect

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silicon atom · physiology: pigments · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

38 papers: 36 positive, 2 negative or no effect

35 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
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silicon atom · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

77 papers: 66 positive, 11 negative or no effect

65 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. no effect
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.