Abstract
Lunasin, a bioactive peptide, was originally found in soybeans, and it has exhibited multiple biological functions. On the basis of previous studies, salt stress was found able to induce changes in many polypeptides and translatable mRNA levels in plants. Salt stress was applied to soybean germination, with water treatment as a control group, to evaluate the effects of salt stimulation on lunasin accumulation and activity during soybean germination. Lunasin content gradually increased in the control group during germination, reached the highest level after six hours of imbibition, and then slowly decreased. Under salt exposure, lunasin content showed a similar trend to that of the control group. The lunasin content in salt-treated soybean was significantly higher than that in the control group. Lunasin peptide was purified from soybean after six hours of imbibition and it was then used for function evaluation. Purified lunasin from salt-stress-germinated soybean (6 h-LSGS) exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than lunasin from water-treatment-germinated soybean (6 h-LWGS) and soybean seed without imbibition (DRY). The 6 h-LSGS presented anti-inflammatory activity on LPS-induced macrophage cells (p < 0.05) by suppressing the release of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1 and IL-6. The gene expression of NOS, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α was significantly inhibited by 6 h-LSGS. Further, 6 h-LSGS exhibited superior antiproliferation activity on human breast-cancer cells MDA-MB-231 when compared to 6 h-LWGS and DRY. Overall, this study offers a feasible elicitation strategy for enhancing lunasin accumulation and its properties in soybean for possible use in functional food.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Control lunasin rose, peaked at six hours, then declined during germination.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Outcome
- Lunasin contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- after six hours of imbibitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lunasin content gradually increased in the control group during germination, reached the highest level after six hours of imbibition, and then slowly decreased”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-exposed lunasin followed a similar time course to controls.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- lunasin contente0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salt exposure, lunasin content showed a similar trend to that of the control group”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-treated soybean had significantly higher lunasin content than controls.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- salt-treatede0
- Outcome
- lunasin contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lunasin content in salt-treated soybean was significantly higher than that in the control group”
Claim · model-written summary
Lunasin from salt-germinated soybean had stronger antioxidant activity than water-germinated and dry soybean lunasin.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- salt-stress-germinated soybean (6 h-LSGS)e0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- water-treatment-germinated soybean (6 h-LWGS) and soybean seed without imbibition (DRY)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Purified lunasin from salt-stress-germinated soybean (6 h-LSGS) exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than lunasin from water-treatment-germinated soybean (6 h-LWGS) and soybean seed without imbibition (DRY)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-germinated soybean lunasin showed anti-inflammatory activity in macrophage cells.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- 6 h-LSGSe0
- Outcome
- anti-inflammatory activity on LPS-induced macrophage cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 6 h-LSGS presented anti-inflammatory activity on LPS-induced macrophage cells (p < 0.05)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-germinated soybean lunasin suppressed nitric oxide and IL-1 and IL-6 cytokine release.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- 6 h-LSGSe0
- Outcome
- release of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokinese0
- Direction
- suppressinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 6 h-LSGS presented anti-inflammatory activity on LPS-induced macrophage cells (p < 0.05) by suppressing the release of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1 and IL-6”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-germinated soybean lunasin significantly inhibited NOS, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α expression.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- 6 h-LSGSe0
- Outcome
- gene expression of NOS, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-αe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The gene expression of NOS, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α was significantly inhibited by 6 h-LSGS”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-germinated soybean lunasin had superior antiproliferative activity in breast-cancer cells versus comparators.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- 6 h-LSGSe0
- Outcome
- antiproliferation activity on human breast-cancer cells MDA-MB-231e0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- 6 h-LWGS and DRYe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“6 h-LSGS exhibited superior antiproliferation activity on human breast-cancer cells MDA-MB-231 when compared to 6 h-LWGS and DRY”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose salt elicitation to enhance soybean lunasin accumulation and properties.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- enhancing lunasin accumulation and its propertiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this study offers a feasible elicitation strategy for enhancing lunasin accumulation and its properties in soybean”
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See all 33 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.