Abstract
Abstract Method of N application in winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and its impact on estimated plant N loss has not been extensively evaluated. The effects of the pre‐plant N application method, topdress N application method, and their interactions on grain yield, grain protein concentration (GPC), nitrogen fertilizer recovery use efficiency (NFUE), and gaseous N loss was investigated. The trials were set up in an incomplete factorial within a randomized complete block design and replicated three times for 5 site‐years. Data collection included normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), grain yield, and forage and grain N concentration. The NDVI before and after 90 growing degree days (GDD) were correlated with final grain yield, grain N uptake, GPC, and NFUE. At Efaw location, NDVI after 90 GDDs accounted for 58% of variation in grain yield and 51% variation in grain N uptake. However, NDVI was found to be a poor indicator of both GPC and NFUE. Grain yield was not affected by the method and timing of N application at Efaw. Alternatively, at Perkins, topdress applications resulted in higher yields. The GPC and NFUE were improved with the topdress applications. Generally, topdress application enhanced GPC and NFUE without decreasing the final grain yield. The difference method used in calculating gaseous N loss did not always reveal similar results, and estimated plant N loss was variable by site‐year, and depended on daily fluctuations in the environment.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
NDVI after 90 growing degree days explained 58 percent of yield variation at Efaw.
- Taxon
- winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- NDVI after 90 GDDse0
- Outcome
- variation in grain yielde0
- Value
- 58%e0
- Setting
- Efaw locatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Efaw location, NDVI after 90 GDDs accounted for 58% of variation in grain yield”
e1“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NDVI after 90 growing degree days explained 51 percent of grain nitrogen uptake variation at Efaw.
- Taxon
- winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- NDVI after 90 GDDse0
- Outcome
- variation in grain N uptakee0
- Value
- 51%e0
- Setting
- Efaw locatione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NDVI after 90 GDDs accounted for 58% of variation in grain yield and 51% variation in grain N uptake.”
e1“At Efaw location”
e2“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NDVI poorly indicated grain protein concentration and fertilizer recovery efficiency.
- Taxon
- winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- poor indicator of both GPC and NFUEe0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NDVI was found to be a poor indicator of both GPC and NFUE.”
e1“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application method and timing did not affect grain yield at Efaw.
- Taxon
- winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- method and timing of N applicatione0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Setting
- Efawe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was not affected by the method and timing of N application at Efaw.”
e1“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Topdress nitrogen increased grain yield at Perkins.
- Taxon
- winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- topdress applicationse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- Perkinse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at Perkins, topdress applications resulted in higher yields.”
e1“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Topdress nitrogen improved grain protein concentration.
- Taxon
- winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- topdress applicationse0
- Outcome
- GPCe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The GPC and NFUE were improved with the topdress applications.”
e1“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Topdress nitrogen improved nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency.
- Taxon
- winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- topdress applicationse0
- Outcome
- NFUEe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The GPC and NFUE were improved with the topdress applications.”
e1“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Topdress nitrogen did not decrease final grain yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- topdress applicatione0
- Outcome
- final grain yielde0
- Direction
- without decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“topdress application enhanced GPC and NFUE without decreasing the final grain yield.”
e1“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated plant nitrogen loss varied by site-year.
- Taxon
- winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- estimated plant N losse0
- Setting
- site‐yeare0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“estimated plant N loss was variable by site‐year, and depended on daily fluctuations in the environment.”
e1“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated plant nitrogen loss depended on daily environmental fluctuations.
- Taxon
- winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- estimated plant N losse0
- Qualifier
- daily fluctuations in the environmente0
- Setting
- site‐yeare0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“estimated plant N loss was variable by site‐year, and depended on daily fluctuations in the environment.”
e1“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
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