Abstract
Uttarakhand hills are best suited for production of a variety of fruit crops due to favorable agro-climatic conditions with apple being the most important temperate fruit grown in the region. Apple is the prime fruit of Uttarakhand and plays a major role in horticultural development and in improving economic status of the growers. The major diseases of apple crop in hill and mountain regions are scab [Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint], premature leaf fall (Marssonina coronaria and Alternaria mali) and powdery mildew [Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis and Everhart)] etc. These diseases have already plagued apple cultivation in Uttarakhand hills which happen to be the 3rd largest apple growing state of the country. Hence, to manage these diseases, Chlorothalonil 40% w/w + Difenoconazole 4% w/w SC at different dosages along with standard checks viz., Chlorothalonil 75% WP, Difenoconazole 25% EC, Propineb 70% WP, Sulphur 80 WG and Metiram 55% + Pyraclostrobin 5% WG at recommended doses were evaluated for bio-efficacy and phytotoxicity against apple scab, premature leaf fall and powdery mildew diseases at Harsil (District- Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand) during 2017 and 2018. The data analysis of two crop seasons (2017 & 2018) showed that all the treatments differed significantly with respect to per cent disease severity and per cent disease reduction over control for all the diseases studied. However, the treatment T4 (Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazle 4% w/w SC @ 900 ml/ha) was found most effective followed by treatment T3 (Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazole 4% w/w SC @ 800ml/ha) for all the diseases studied under present materials and conditions at Harshil location during 2017 and 2018. The data of two crop seasons indicated that maximum yield (98.83q/ha in 2017 and 95.20 q/ha in 2018) was recorded when the crop was sprayed with Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazle 4% w/w SC @ 900 ml/ha followed by Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazole 4% w/w SC @ 800ml/ha with 95.44 q/ha in 2017 and 94.55q/ha in 2018, respectively. For phytotoxicity studies, Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazle 4% w/w SC @ 900 & 1800 ml/ha did not show any phytotoxic effects viz., yellowing, necrosis, chlorosis, epinasty, hyponasty and stunting on apple crop.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazole 4% SC at 900 ml/ha was the most effective treatment, followed by treatment T3.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae2 - Treatment
- Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazle 4% w/w SC @ 900 ml/hae1
- Outcome
- most effectivee1
- Direction
- most effectivee1
- Comparator
- treatment T3e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the treatment T4 (Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazle 4% w/w SC @ 900 ml/ha) was found most effective followed by treatment T3”
e2“were evaluated for bio-efficacy and phytotoxicity against apple scab, premature leaf fall and powdery mildew diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
All fungicide treatments differed significantly from control in disease severity and disease reduction for all diseases.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- all the treatmentse3
- Outcome
- per cent disease severity and per cent disease reductione3
- Direction
- differede3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“all the treatments differed significantly with respect to per cent disease severity and per cent disease reduction over control for all the diseases studied”
e2“were evaluated for bio-efficacy and phytotoxicity against apple scab, premature leaf fall and powdery mildew diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazole 4% SC at 900 ml/ha gave a maximum yield of 98.83 q/ha in 2017.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazle 4% w/w SC @ 900 ml/hae4
- Outcome
- maximum yielde4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 98.83q/hae4
- Qualifier
- in 2017e4
- Setting
- Harsil (District- Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand)e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“maximum yield (98.83q/ha in 2017 and 95.20 q/ha in 2018) was recorded when the crop was sprayed with Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazle 4% w/w SC @ 900 ml/ha”
e2“were evaluated for bio-efficacy and phytotoxicity against apple scab, premature leaf fall and powdery mildew diseases”
e5“at Harsil (District- Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand) during 2017 and 2018”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazole 4% SC at 900 ml/ha gave a maximum yield of 95.20 q/ha in 2018.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazle 4% w/w SC @ 900 ml/hae4
- Outcome
- maximum yielde4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 95.20 q/hae4
- Qualifier
- in 2018e4
- Setting
- Harsil (District- Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand)e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“maximum yield (98.83q/ha in 2017 and 95.20 q/ha in 2018) was recorded when the crop was sprayed with Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazle 4% w/w SC @ 900 ml/ha”
e2“were evaluated for bio-efficacy and phytotoxicity against apple scab, premature leaf fall and powdery mildew diseases”
e5“at Harsil (District- Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand) during 2017 and 2018”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazole 4% SC at 800 ml/ha gave a yield of 95.44 q/ha in 2017.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazole 4% w/w SC @ 800ml/hae6
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Value
- 95.44 q/hae6
- Qualifier
- in 2017e6
- Setting
- Harsil (District- Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand)e5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“followed by Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazole 4% w/w SC @ 800ml/ha with 95.44 q/ha in 2017 and 94.55q/ha in 2018”
e4“maximum yield (98.83q/ha in 2017 and 95.20 q/ha in 2018)”
e2“were evaluated for bio-efficacy and phytotoxicity against apple scab, premature leaf fall and powdery mildew diseases”
e5“at Harsil (District- Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand) during 2017 and 2018”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazole 4% SC at 800 ml/ha gave a yield of 94.55 q/ha in 2018.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazole 4% w/w SC @ 800ml/hae6
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Value
- 94.55q/hae6
- Qualifier
- in 2018e6
- Setting
- Harsil (District- Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand)e5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“followed by Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazole 4% w/w SC @ 800ml/ha with 95.44 q/ha in 2017 and 94.55q/ha in 2018”
e4“maximum yield (98.83q/ha in 2017 and 95.20 q/ha in 2018)”
e2“were evaluated for bio-efficacy and phytotoxicity against apple scab, premature leaf fall and powdery mildew diseases”
e5“at Harsil (District- Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand) during 2017 and 2018”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazole 4% SC at 900 and 1800 ml/ha did not cause phytotoxic effects on apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae7
- Treatment
- Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazle 4% w/w SC @ 900 & 1800 ml/hae7
- Outcome
- phytotoxic effectse7
- Direction
- did not showe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“For phytotoxicity studies, Chlorothalonil 40% + Difenoconazle 4% w/w SC @ 900 & 1800 ml/ha did not show any phytotoxic effects viz., yellowing, necrosis, chlorosis, epinasty, hyponasty and stunting on apple crop”
The same questions in other papers
difenoconazole · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.