Abstract
BACKGROUND: Grazing is an important land use in northern China. In general, different grazing intensities had a different impact on the morphological and physiological traits of plants, and especially their photosynthetic capacity. We investigated the responses of Leymus chinensis to light, medium, and heavy grazing intensities in comparison with a grazing exclusion control. RESULTS: With light grazing, L. chinensis showed decreased photosynthetic capacity. The low chlorophyll and carotenoid contents constrained light energy transformation and dissipation, and Rubisco activity was also low, restricting the carboxylation efficiency. In addition, the damaged photosynthetic apparatus accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS). With medium grazing, more energy was used for thermal dissipation, with high carotene content and high non-photochemical quenching, whereas photosynthetic electron transport was lowest. Significantly decreased photosynthesis decreased leaf C contents. Plants decreased the risk caused by ROS through increased energy dissipation. With high grazing intensity, plants changed their strategy to improve survival through photosynthetic compensation. More energy was allocated to photosynthetic electron transport. Though heavy grazing damaged the chloroplast ultrastructure, adjustment of internal mechanisms increased compensatory photosynthesis, and an increased tiller number facilitated regrowth after grazing. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the plants adopted different strategies by adjusting their metabolism and growth in response to their changing environment.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Light grazing decreased photosynthetic capacity.
- Taxon
- L. chinensisLeymus chinensise0
- Treatment
- light grazinge0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“With light grazing, L. chinensis showed decreased photosynthetic capacity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Light grazing reduced Rubisco activity.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- light grazinge1
- Gene
- Rubiscoe0
- Outcome
- Rubisco activitye0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Rubisco activity was also low, restricting the carboxylation efficiency.”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
e1“With light grazing, L. chinensis showed decreased photosynthetic capacity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium grazing produced high carotene content and non-photochemical quenching.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- medium grazinge0
- Outcome
- carotene content and high non-photochemical quenchinge0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“With medium grazing, more energy was used for thermal dissipation, with high carotene content and high non-photochemical quenching”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic electron transport was lowest with medium grazing.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- medium grazinge1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic electron transporte0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“whereas photosynthetic electron transport was lowest.”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
e1“With medium grazing, more energy was used for thermal dissipation, with high carotene content and high non-photochemical quenching”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased photosynthesis decreased leaf carbon contents.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly decreased photosynthesis decreased leaf C contents.”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy grazing increased compensatory photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- high grazing intensitye1
- Outcome
- compensatory photosynthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“adjustment of internal mechanisms increased compensatory photosynthesis”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
e1“With high grazing intensity, plants changed their strategy to improve survival through photosynthetic compensation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy grazing increased tiller number.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensist0
- Treatment
- heavy grazinge1
- Outcome
- tiller numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“an increased tiller number facilitated regrowth after grazing.”
t0“Leymus chinensis”
e1“Though heavy grazing damaged the chloroplast ultrastructure”
The same questions in other papers
grazing · physiology: photosynthesis · Leymus chinensisResults differ
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- negative
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2 in the opposite direction
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light · physiology: photosynthesis · Leymus chinensisPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.