Abstract
Phytophthora, Phytopythium, and Pythium species that cause early-season seed decay and pre-emergence and post-emergence damping off of soybean are most commonly managed with seed treatments. The phenylamide fungicides metalaxyl and mefenoxam, and ethaboxam are effective toward some but not all species. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ethaboxam in fungicide mixtures and compare those with other fungicides as seed treatments to protect soybean against Pythium, Phytopythium, and Phytophthora species in both high-disease field environments and laboratory seed plate assays. The second objective was to evaluate these seed treatment mixtures on cultivars that have varying levels and combinations of resistance to these soilborne pathogens. Five of eight environments received adequate precipitation in the 14 days after planting for high levels of seedling disease development and treatment evaluations. Three environments had significantly greater stands, and three had significantly greater yield when ethaboxam was used in the seed treatment mixture compared with treatments containing metalaxyl or mefenoxam alone. Three fungicide formulations significantly reduced disease severity compared with nontreated in the seed plate assay for 17 species. However, the combination of ethaboxam plus metalaxyl in a mixture was more effective than either fungicide alone against some Pythium and Phytopythium species. Overall, our results indicate that the addition of ethaboxam to a fungicide seed treatment is effective in reducing seed rot caused by these pathogens commonly isolated from soybean in Ohio but that these effects can be masked when cultivars with resistance are planted.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Ethaboxam seed treatment mixtures improved soybean stands in three environments relative to metalaxyl or mefenoxam alone.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- ethaboxam was used in the seed treatment mixturee0
- Outcome
- standse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- Three environmentse0
- Comparator
- treatments containing metalaxyl or mefenoxam alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“Three environments had significantly greater stands, and three had significantly greater yield when ethaboxam was used in the seed treatment mixture compared with treatments containing metalaxyl or mefenoxam alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethaboxam seed treatment mixtures increased soybean yield in three environments relative to metalaxyl or mefenoxam alone.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- ethaboxam was used in the seed treatment mixturee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- threee0
- Comparator
- treatments containing metalaxyl or mefenoxam alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“Three environments had significantly greater stands, and three had significantly greater yield when ethaboxam was used in the seed treatment mixture compared with treatments containing metalaxyl or mefenoxam alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Three formulations reduced soybean seed plate disease severity relative to no treatment across 17 species.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Three fungicide formulationse0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in the seed plate assay for 17 speciese0
- Comparator
- nontreatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“Three fungicide formulations significantly reduced disease severity compared with nontreated in the seed plate assay for 17 species.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethaboxam plus metalaxyl was more effective than either fungicide alone against some Pythium species.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- ethaboxam plus metalaxyl in a mixturee0
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- either fungicide alonee0
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
PythiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“the combination of ethaboxam plus metalaxyl in a mixture was more effective than either fungicide alone against some Pythium and Phytopythium species.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethaboxam plus metalaxyl was more effective than either fungicide alone against some Phytopythium species.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- ethaboxam plus metalaxyl in a mixturee0
- Interactor
- PhytopythiumPhytopythiume0pathogen
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- either fungicide alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“the combination of ethaboxam plus metalaxyl in a mixture was more effective than either fungicide alone against some Pythium and Phytopythium species.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding ethaboxam reduced soybean seed rot caused by commonly isolated pathogens in Ohio, with effects potentially masked by resistant cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- addition of ethaboxam to a fungicide seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- seed rote0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Qualifier
- effects can be masked when cultivars with resistance are plantede0
- Setting
- Ohioe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“the addition of ethaboxam to a fungicide seed treatment is effective in reducing seed rot caused by these pathogens commonly isolated from soybean in Ohio but that these effects can be masked when cultivars with resistance are planted.”
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See all 168 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.