Abstract
BACKGROUND: Biological control is widely applied against soybean (Glycine max L.) soil-borne pathogens by furrow or seed treatments. The efficiency of bioproducts and timing of application by foliar sprays against soybean pathogens needs to be more fully understood. This work investigated the efficiency of foliar application with a Bacillus subtilis-based product (BBP) to protect soybean from multiple pathogens and the best moment to apply it considering its compatibility with fungicides. RESULTS: Foliar applications (from stages V6 to R4) with BBP, mancozeb (M) and systemic fungicides (S) applied against Asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), BBP followed by S (BBP-S), BBP along with S (S + BBP), S along with M (S + M) or water were carried out in a soybean field for two years. The treatments S + BBP, S + M and BBP-S reduced the severity of Asian rust by 82% compared to the control. Except for M, all treatments reduced the severity of other foliar diseases by >60%. The defoliation was reduced by BBP and BBP-S, whereas the yield was 25% higher than control by using BBP, S + M, S + BBP or BBP-S. Also, the incidence of Fusarium sp. was significantly reduced on seeds from treatments BBP and BBP-S. The compatibility tests in Petri dishes demonstrated that all fungicides decreased the bacterial growth when applied along with BBP, whereas previous applications of BBP did not reduce the bacterial growth. CONCLUSIONS: The BBP protected soybean against multiple pathogens, reduced defoliation and promoted soybean yield similarly to conventional fungicides, but in general, the early application of the BBP was the most efficient protection. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
S + BBP reduced soybean Asian rust severity by 82% versus control.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- S + BBPe0
- Outcome
- severity of Asian ruste0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 82%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments S + BBP, S + M and BBP-S reduced the severity of Asian rust by 82% compared to the control.”
t0“Integrating a Bacillus‐based product with fungicides by foliar application to protect soybean: a sustainable approach to avoid exclusive use of chemicals”
Claim · model-written summary
S + M reduced soybean Asian rust severity by 82% versus control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- S + Me0
- Outcome
- severity of Asian ruste0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 82%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments S + BBP, S + M and BBP-S reduced the severity of Asian rust by 82% compared to the control.”
t0“Integrating a Bacillus‐based product with fungicides by foliar application to protect soybean: a sustainable approach to avoid exclusive use of chemicals”
Claim · model-written summary
BBP-S reduced soybean Asian rust severity by 82% versus control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- BBP-Se0
- Outcome
- severity of Asian ruste0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 82%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments S + BBP, S + M and BBP-S reduced the severity of Asian rust by 82% compared to the control.”
t0“Integrating a Bacillus‐based product with fungicides by foliar application to protect soybean: a sustainable approach to avoid exclusive use of chemicals”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments except mancozeb reduced other soybean foliar disease severity by over 60%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse0
- Outcome
- severity of other foliar diseasese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- >60%e0
- Comparator
- Me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Except for M, all treatments reduced the severity of other foliar diseases by >60%.”
t0“Integrating a Bacillus‐based product with fungicides by foliar application to protect soybean: a sustainable approach to avoid exclusive use of chemicals”
Claim · model-written summary
BBP reduced soybean defoliation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- BBPe0
- Outcome
- defoliatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The defoliation was reduced by BBP and BBP-S, whereas the yield was 25% higher than control by using BBP, S + M, S + BBP or BBP-S.”
t0“Integrating a Bacillus‐based product with fungicides by foliar application to protect soybean: a sustainable approach to avoid exclusive use of chemicals”
Claim · model-written summary
BBP-S reduced soybean defoliation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- BBP-Se0
- Outcome
- defoliatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The defoliation was reduced by BBP and BBP-S, whereas the yield was 25% higher than control by using BBP, S + M, S + BBP or BBP-S.”
t0“Integrating a Bacillus‐based product with fungicides by foliar application to protect soybean: a sustainable approach to avoid exclusive use of chemicals”
Claim · model-written summary
BBP increased soybean yield 25% versus control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The defoliation was reduced by BBP and BBP-S, whereas the yield was 25% higher than control by using BBP, S + M, S + BBP or BBP-S.”
t0“Integrating a Bacillus‐based product with fungicides by foliar application to protect soybean: a sustainable approach to avoid exclusive use of chemicals”
Claim · model-written summary
S + M increased soybean yield 25% versus control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- S + Me0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The defoliation was reduced by BBP and BBP-S, whereas the yield was 25% higher than control by using BBP, S + M, S + BBP or BBP-S.”
t0“Integrating a Bacillus‐based product with fungicides by foliar application to protect soybean: a sustainable approach to avoid exclusive use of chemicals”
Claim · model-written summary
S + BBP increased soybean yield 25% versus control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- S + BBPe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The defoliation was reduced by BBP and BBP-S, whereas the yield was 25% higher than control by using BBP, S + M, S + BBP or BBP-S.”
t0“Integrating a Bacillus‐based product with fungicides by foliar application to protect soybean: a sustainable approach to avoid exclusive use of chemicals”
Claim · model-written summary
BBP-S increased soybean yield 25% versus control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- BBP-Se0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The defoliation was reduced by BBP and BBP-S, whereas the yield was 25% higher than control by using BBP, S + M, S + BBP or BBP-S.”
t0“Integrating a Bacillus‐based product with fungicides by foliar application to protect soybean: a sustainable approach to avoid exclusive use of chemicals”
Claim · model-written summary
BBP significantly reduced Fusarium incidence on soybean seed.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- BBPe0
- Outcome
- incidence of Fusarium sp.e0
- Direction
- reducede0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Also, the incidence of Fusarium sp. was significantly reduced on seeds from treatments BBP and BBP-S.”
t0“Integrating a Bacillus‐based product with fungicides by foliar application to protect soybean: a sustainable approach to avoid exclusive use of chemicals”
Claim · model-written summary
BBP-S significantly reduced Fusarium incidence on soybean seed.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- BBP-Se0
- Outcome
- incidence of Fusarium sp.e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Also, the incidence of Fusarium sp. was significantly reduced on seeds from treatments BBP and BBP-S.”
t0“Integrating a Bacillus‐based product with fungicides by foliar application to protect soybean: a sustainable approach to avoid exclusive use of chemicals”
Claim · model-written summary
Concurrent fungicides decreased bacterial growth in Petri dish compatibility tests.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- all fungicidese0
- Outcome
- bacterial growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Setting
- Petri dishese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The compatibility tests in Petri dishes demonstrated that all fungicides decreased the bacterial growth when applied along with BBP, whereas previous applications of BBP did not reduce the bacterial growth.”
t0“Integrating a Bacillus‐based product with fungicides by foliar application to protect soybean: a sustainable approach to avoid exclusive use of chemicals”
Claim · model-written summary
Prior BBP applications did not reduce bacterial growth in compatibility tests.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- previous applications of BBPe0
- Outcome
- bacterial growthe0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
- Setting
- Petri dishese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The compatibility tests in Petri dishes demonstrated that all fungicides decreased the bacterial growth when applied along with BBP, whereas previous applications of BBP did not reduce the bacterial growth.”
t0“Integrating a Bacillus‐based product with fungicides by foliar application to protect soybean: a sustainable approach to avoid exclusive use of chemicals”
Claim · model-written summary
Early BBP application generally gave the most efficient soybean protection.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- early application of the BBPe0
- Outcome
- most efficient protectione0
- Direction
- most efficiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The BBP protected soybean against multiple pathogens, reduced defoliation and promoted soybean yield similarly to conventional fungicides, but in general, the early application of the BBP was the most efficient protection.”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 45 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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See all 54 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.