Abstract
Conservation agriculture, characterized by minimal tillage, permanent soil cover and crop diversification, has been widely adapted under rainfed conditions, but adoption under irrigated conditions is limited. An experiment initiated in 1997 to evaluate the level of tillage and the amount of soil cover needed for conservation agriculture to work under irrigated conditions in the highlands of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. The trial encompassed seven treatments: conventional tillage, two types of reduced tillage and permanent raised beds (PB), which are untilled, with four levels of soil cover in an irrigated rotation with maize (Zea mays L.) in the summer and fodder oats (Avena sativa L.) in the winter. Maize and oats yielded significantly more under PB than with tillage. Maize yielded on average 1.2 Mg ha−1 more in PB with the hybrid used from 1997 to 2008 and 3.9 Mg ha−1 more with the hybrid used from 2012 to 2017. Permanent raised beds generated on average $18,424 MXN ha−1 more profit than the tilled treatments and increased soil organic carbon on average 63% at 0 to 5 cm depth and 32% at 5 to 30 cm depth. The trial shows that conservation agriculture, with PB and little residue cover, is a viable and sustainable option in similar production systems.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yielded significantly more under permanent raised beds (PB) than with tillage.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize and oats yielded significantly more under PB than with tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Fodder oats yielded significantly more under permanent raised beds (PB) than with tillage.
Avena sativaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize and oats yielded significantly more under PB than with tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yielded on average 1.2 Mg ha-1 more in permanent raised beds with the hybrid used from 1997 to 2008.
- Treatment
- PBe0
- Outcome
- Maize yieldede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 1.2 Mg ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- hybrid used from 1997 to 2008e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize yielded on average 1.2 Mg ha−1 more in PB with the hybrid used from 1997 to 2008”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yielded on average 3.9 Mg ha-1 more in permanent raised beds with the hybrid used from 2012 to 2017.
- Treatment
- PBe0
- Outcome
- Maize yieldede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 3.9 Mg ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- hybrid used from 2012 to 2017e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize yielded on average 1.2 Mg ha−1 more in PB with the hybrid used from 1997 to 2008 and 3.9 Mg ha−1 more with the hybrid used from 2012 to 2017”
Claim · model-written summary
Permanent raised beds generated on average $18,424 MXN ha-1 more profit than the tilled treatments.
- Treatment
- Permanent raised bedse0
- Outcome
- profite0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- $18,424 MXN ha−1e0
- Comparator
- tilled treatmentse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Permanent raised beds generated on average $18,424 MXN ha−1 more profit than the tilled treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Permanent raised beds increased soil organic carbon on average by 63% at 0 to 5 cm depth.
- Treatment
- Permanent raised bedse0
- Outcome
- soil organic carbone1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 63%e1
- Qualifier
- 0 to 5 cm depthe1
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Permanent raised beds”
e1“increased soil organic carbon on average 63% at 0 to 5 cm depth”
Claim · model-written summary
Permanent raised beds increased soil organic carbon on average by 32% at 5 to 30 cm depth.
- Treatment
- Permanent raised bedse0
- Outcome
- soil organic carbone1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 32%e1
- Qualifier
- 5 to 30 cm depthe1
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Permanent raised beds”
e1“increased soil organic carbon on average 63% at 0 to 5 cm depth and 32% at 5 to 30 cm depth”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that conservation agriculture with permanent raised beds and little residue cover is a viable and sustainable option in similar production systems.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“conservation agriculture, with PB and little residue cover, is a viable and sustainable option in similar production systems”
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