Abstract
Manipulation of planting density and choice of variety are effective management components in any cropping system that aims to enhance the balance between environmental resource availability and crop requirements. One-time fertilization at first flower with a medium plant stand under late sowing has not yet been attempted. To fill this knowledge gap, changes in leaf structural (stomatal density, stomatal length, stomata width, stomatal pore perimeter, and leaf thickness), leaf gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence attributes of different cotton varieties were made in order to change the planting densities to improve lint yield under a new planting model. A two-year field evaluation was carried out on cotton varieties—V1 (Zhongmian-16) and V2 (J-4B)—to examine the effect of changing the planting density (D1, low, 3 × 104; D2, moderate, 6 × 104; and D3, dense, 9 × 104) on cotton lint yield, leaf structure, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf gas exchange attribute responses. Across these varieties, J-4B had higher lint yield compared with Zhongmian-16 in both years. Plants at high density had depressed leaf structural traits, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 uptake, quenching (qP), actual quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII), and maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) in both years. Crops at moderate density had improved leaf gas exchange traits, stomatal density, number of stomata, pore perimeter, length, and width, as well as increased qP, ΦPSII, and Fv/Fm compared with low- and high-density plants. Improvement in leaf structural and functional traits contributed to 15.9%–10.7% and 12.3%–10.5% more boll m−2, with 20.6%–13.4% and 28.9%–24.1% higher lint yield averaged across both years, respectively, under moderate planting density compared with low and high density. In conclusion, the data underscore the importance of proper agronomic methods for cotton production, and that J-4B and Zhongmian-16 varieties, grown under moderate and lower densities, could be a promising option based on improved lint yield in subtropical regions.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
J-4B had higher lint yield than Zhongmian-16 in both years.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0t0 - Material
- J-4Be0
- Outcome
- lint yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Zhongmian-16e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“J-4B had higher lint yield compared with Zhongmian-16 in both years”
t0“Cotton Lint Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
High planting density depressed cotton leaf structural traits.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0t0
- Treatment
- high densitye0
- Outcome
- leaf structural traitse0
- Direction
- depressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants at high density had depressed leaf structural traits”
t0“Cotton Lint Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
High density depressed net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 uptake.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0t0
- Treatment
- high densitye0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 uptakee0
- Direction
- depressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants at high density had depressed leaf structural traits, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 uptake”
t0“Cotton Lint Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
High density depressed qP, ΦPSII and Fv/Fm.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0t0
- Treatment
- high densitye0
- Outcome
- quenching (qP), actual quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII), and maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm)e0
- Direction
- depressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants at high density had depressed leaf structural traits, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 uptake, quenching (qP), actual quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII), and maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm)”
t0“Cotton Lint Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate density improved leaf gas exchange traits relative to low and high density.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0t0
- Treatment
- moderate densitye0
- Outcome
- leaf gas exchange traitse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crops at moderate density had improved leaf gas exchange traits”
t0“Cotton Lint Yield”
e1“compared with low- and high-density plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate density improved stomatal density, number and pore perimeter.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0t0
- Treatment
- moderate densitye0
- Outcome
- stomatal density, number of stomata, pore perimetere0
- Direction
- improvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crops at moderate density had improved leaf gas exchange traits, stomatal density, number of stomata, pore perimeter”
t0“Cotton Lint Yield”
e1“compared with low- and high-density plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate density improved stomatal length and width.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0t0
- Treatment
- moderate densitye0
- Outcome
- length, and widthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crops at moderate density had improved leaf gas exchange traits, stomatal density, number of stomata, pore perimeter, length, and width”
t0“Cotton Lint Yield”
e1“compared with low- and high-density plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate density increased qP, ΦPSII and Fv/Fm.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0t0
- Outcome
- qP, ΦPSII, and Fv/Fme0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- low- and high-density plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased qP, ΦPSII, and Fv/Fm compared with low- and high-density plants”
t0“Cotton Lint Yield”
e1“Crops at moderate density had improved leaf gas exchange traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate density increased bolls per square metre relative to low density by 15.9%–10.7%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“15.9%–10.7% and 12.3%–10.5% more boll m−2”
t0“Cotton Lint Yield”
e1“under moderate planting density compared with low and high density”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate density increased bolls per square metre relative to high density by 12.3%–10.5%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“15.9%–10.7% and 12.3%–10.5% more boll m−2”
t0“Cotton Lint Yield”
e1“under moderate planting density compared with low and high density”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate density increased lint yield relative to low density by 20.6%–13.4%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20.6%–13.4% and 28.9%–24.1% higher lint yield”
t0“Cotton Lint Yield”
e1“under moderate planting density compared with low and high density”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate density increased lint yield relative to high density by 28.9%–24.1%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20.6%–13.4% and 28.9%–24.1% higher lint yield”
t0“Cotton Lint Yield”
e1“under moderate planting density compared with low and high density”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest J-4B and Zhongmian-16 at moderate and lower densities for improved lint yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0t0
- Material
- J-4B and Zhongmian-16e0
- Outcome
- could be a promising optione0
- Setting
- subtropical regionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“J-4B and Zhongmian-16 varieties, grown under moderate and lower densities, could be a promising option based on improved lint yield in subtropical regions”
t0“Cotton Lint Yield”
The same questions in other papers
density · quality: grain · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
33 papers in the same direction as this paper · 34 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
65 papers more in this group
See all 69 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.