Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to explore the mechanism of cultivation measures in affecting crop yield by investigating root distribution in spring wheat-pea rotation based on a long-term conservation tillage practices in a farming region of Gansu. The results showed that with the develo-pment of growth period, the total root length, root surface area of spring wheat and pea showed a consistent trend of increase after initial decrease and reached the maximum at flowering stage. Higher root distribution was found in the 0-10 cm soil layer at seedling and 10-30 cm soil layer at flowering and maturity stages in spring wheat, while in the field pea, higher root distribution was found in the 0-10 cm soil layer at seedling and maturity, and in the 10-30 cm soil layer at flowering stages. No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulching increased the root length and root surface area. Compared with conventional tillage in spring wheat and field pea, root length increased by 35.9% to 92.6%, and root surface area increased by 43.2% to 162.4%, respectively. No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulching optimized spring wheat and pea root system distribution, compared with conventional tillage, increased spring wheat and field pea root length and root surface area ratio at 0-10 cm depths at the seedling stage, the root distribution at deeper depths increased significantly at flowering and maturity stages, and no tillage with straw mulching increased root length and root surface area ratio by 3.3% and 9.7% respectively, in 30-80 cm soil layer at the flowering stage. The total root length, root surface area and yield had significantly positive correlation for spring wheat in each growth period, and the total root length and pea yield also had significant positive correlation. No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulching boosted yield of spring wheat and pea by 23.4%-38.7% compared with the conventional tillage, and the water use efficiency was increased by 13.7%-28.5%. It was concluded that no-till farming and straw mulching (plastic) could increase crop root length and root surface area, optimize the spatial distribution of roots in the soil, enhance crop root layer absorption ability, so as to improve crop yield and water utilization.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Total root length and root surface area of spring wheat and pea peaked at flowering stage.
- Taxon
- spring wheat and pea
Lathyrus oleraceus
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- flowering stagee0
- Outcome
- total root length, root surface areae0
- Direction
- reached the maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the develo-pment of growth period, the total root length, root surface area of spring wheat and pea showed a consistent trend of increase after initial decrease and reached the maximum at flowering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring wheat had higher root distribution in the 0-10 cm soil layer at seedling stage.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- seedlinge0
- Outcome
- root distributione0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Qualifier
- 0-10 cm soil layere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher root distribution was found in the 0-10 cm soil layer at seedling and 10-30 cm soil layer at flowering and maturity stages in spring wheat, while in the field pea, higher root distribution was found in the 0-10 cm soil layer at seedling and maturity, and in the 10-30 cm soil layer at flowering stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring wheat had higher root distribution in the 10-30 cm soil layer at flowering and maturity stages.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- flowering and maturity stagese0
- Outcome
- root distributione0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Qualifier
- 10-30 cm soil layere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher root distribution was found in the 0-10 cm soil layer at seedling and 10-30 cm soil layer at flowering and maturity stages in spring wheat, while in the field pea, higher root distribution was found in the 0-10 cm soil layer at seedling and maturity, and in the 10-30 cm soil layer at flowering stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Field pea had higher root distribution in the 0-10 cm soil layer at seedling and maturity stages.
Verbatim
e0“Higher root distribution was found in the 0-10 cm soil layer at seedling and 10-30 cm soil layer at flowering and maturity stages in spring wheat, while in the field pea, higher root distribution was found in the 0-10 cm soil layer at seedling and maturity, and in the 10-30 cm soil layer at flowering stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Field pea had higher root distribution in the 10-30 cm soil layer at flowering stages.
Verbatim
e0“Higher root distribution was found in the 0-10 cm soil layer at seedling and 10-30 cm soil layer at flowering and maturity stages in spring wheat, while in the field pea, higher root distribution was found in the 0-10 cm soil layer at seedling and maturity, and in the 10-30 cm soil layer at flowering stages”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulching increased root length and root surface area of spring wheat and field pea compared with conventional tillage.
Verbatim
e0“No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulching increased the root length and root surface area”
e1“Compared with conventional tillage in spring wheat and field pea, root length increased by 35.9% to 92.6%, and root surface area increased by 43.2% to 162.4%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulching increased root length of spring wheat and field pea by 35.9% to 92.6% compared with conventional tillage.
Verbatim
e0“No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulching increased the root length and root surface area”
e1“Compared with conventional tillage in spring wheat and field pea, root length increased by 35.9% to 92.6%, and root surface area increased by 43.2% to 162.4%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulching increased root surface area of spring wheat and field pea by 43.2% to 162.4% compared with conventional tillage.
Verbatim
e0“No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulching increased the root length and root surface area”
e1“Compared with conventional tillage in spring wheat and field pea, root length increased by 35.9% to 92.6%, and root surface area increased by 43.2% to 162.4%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulching optimized root system distribution of spring wheat and pea compared with conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- spring wheat and peaLathyrus oleraceusTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulchinge0
- Outcome
- root system distributione0
- Direction
- optimizede0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulching optimized spring wheat and pea root system distribution, compared with conventional tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulching increased root length and root surface area ratio of spring wheat and field pea at 0-10 cm depths at seedling stage, compared with conventional tillage.
Verbatim
e0“No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulching optimized spring wheat and pea root system distribution, compared with conventional tillage”
e1“increased spring wheat and field pea root length and root surface area ratio at 0-10 cm depths at the seedling stage”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulching significantly increased root distribution at deeper depths at flowering and maturity stages, compared with conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- spring wheat and peaLathyrus oleraceusTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- flowering and maturity stagese1
- Treatment
- No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulchinge0
- Outcome
- root distributione1
- Direction
- increased significantlye1
- Qualifier
- deeper depthse1
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulching optimized spring wheat and pea root system distribution, compared with conventional tillage”
e1“the root distribution at deeper depths increased significantly at flowering and maturity stages”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage with straw mulching increased root length of spring wheat and field pea by 3.3% in the 30-80 cm soil layer at flowering stage.
- Taxon
- spring wheat and field peae0
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee1
- Treatment
- no tillage with straw mulchinge1
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 3.3%e1
- Qualifier
- 30-80 cm soil layere1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“increased spring wheat and field pea root length and root surface area ratio at 0-10 cm depths at the seedling stage”
e1“no tillage with straw mulching increased root length and root surface area ratio by 3.3% and 9.7% respectively, in 30-80 cm soil layer at the flowering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage with straw mulching increased root surface area ratio of spring wheat and field pea by 9.7% in the 30-80 cm soil layer at flowering stage.
- Taxon
- spring wheat and field peae0
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee1
- Treatment
- no tillage with straw mulchinge1
- Outcome
- root surface area ratioe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 9.7%e1
- Qualifier
- 30-80 cm soil layere1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“increased spring wheat and field pea root length and root surface area ratio at 0-10 cm depths at the seedling stage”
e1“no tillage with straw mulching increased root length and root surface area ratio by 3.3% and 9.7% respectively, in 30-80 cm soil layer at the flowering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Total root length, root surface area and yield of spring wheat were significantly positively correlated in each growth period.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- each growth periode0
- Outcome
- total root length, root surface area and yielde0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total root length, root surface area and yield had significantly positive correlation for spring wheat in each growth period”
Claim · model-written summary
Total root length and pea yield were significantly positively correlated.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Outcome
- total root length and pea yielde0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total root length and pea yield also had significant positive correlation”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulching boosted yield of spring wheat and pea by 23.4%-38.7% compared with conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- spring wheat and peaLathyrus oleraceusTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulchinge0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- boostede0
- Value
- 23.4%-38.7%e0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulching boosted yield of spring wheat and pea by 23.4%-38.7% compared with the conventional tillage, and the water use efficiency was increased by 13.7%-28.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulching increased water use efficiency by 13.7%-28.5% compared with conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- spring wheat and peaLathyrus oleraceusTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulchinge0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.7%-28.5%e0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No tillage with straw mulching and plastic mulching boosted yield of spring wheat and pea by 23.4%-38.7% compared with the conventional tillage, and the water use efficiency was increased by 13.7%-28.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till farming and straw mulching are recommended to improve crop yield and water utilization of spring wheat and field pea.
Verbatim
e0“increased spring wheat and field pea root length and root surface area ratio at 0-10 cm depths at the seedling stage”
e1“It was concluded that no-till farming and straw mulching (plastic) could increase crop root length and root surface area, optimize the spatial distribution of roots in the soil, enhance crop root layer absorption ability, so as to improve crop yield and water utilization”
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See all 14 papers →8 of 18 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.