Abstract
An integrated soil-cotton management system integrated with optimal management practices is projected to replace the conventional management system for enhancing nitrogen use efficiency. Field experiment was conducted in the more and less fertile soil with two treatments. Results showed that compared with conventional management system, integrated soil-cotton management system increased 9.5–21.2% soil-available nitrogen during the middle and later growth stages, in addition, improved average and maximum accumulation rate of nitrogen by 30.4–36.2% and 39.9–45.1%, and postponed the start time of the fast nitrogen accumulation phase by 3–6d, resulting in 32.5–38.3% higher final nitrogen accumulation. Furthermore, the increased nitrogen accumulation improved leaf area index, leaf area duration and boll number, finally enhanced agronomic nitrogen use efficiency and recovery nitrogen use efficiency. We suggest the nitrogen-based fertilizer of integrated soil-cotton management system could be omitted completely in the more fertile soil to enhance physiological nitrogen use efficiency ultimately by optimizing leaf area index. In addition, the decrement of nitrogen use efficiency was diminished under integrated soil-cotton management system. These results demonstrate ISMS might be a more profitable pattern for nitrogen use efficiency of cotton, especially to meet the challenge of soil degradation in future.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated management increased soil available nitrogen 9.5–21.2% in middle and later growth stages.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- integrated soil-cotton management systeme0
- Outcome
- soil-available nitrogene0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9.5–21.2%e0
- Comparator
- conventional management systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with conventional management system, integrated soil-cotton management system increased 9.5–21.2% soil-available nitrogen during the middle and later growth stages”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated management improved average nitrogen accumulation rate 30.4–36.2%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Integrated soil-cotton management systemt0
- Outcome
- accumulation rate of nitrogene0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 30.4–36.2%e0
- Comparator
- conventional management systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved average and maximum accumulation rate of nitrogen by 30.4–36.2% and 39.9–45.1%”
t0“Integrated soil-cotton management system enhances nitrogen use efficiency under different soil fertility levels”
e1“compared with conventional management system, integrated soil-cotton management system increased 9.5–21.2% soil-available nitrogen during the middle and later growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated management improved maximum nitrogen accumulation rate 39.9–45.1%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Integrated soil-cotton management systemt0
- Outcome
- maximum accumulation rate of nitrogene0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 39.9–45.1%e0
- Comparator
- conventional management systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved average and maximum accumulation rate of nitrogen by 30.4–36.2% and 39.9–45.1%”
t0“Integrated soil-cotton management system enhances nitrogen use efficiency under different soil fertility levels”
e1“compared with conventional management system, integrated soil-cotton management system increased 9.5–21.2% soil-available nitrogen during the middle and later growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated management postponed onset of rapid nitrogen accumulation by 3–6 days.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Integrated soil-cotton management systemt0
- Outcome
- start time of the fast nitrogen accumulation phasee0
- Direction
- postponede0
- Value
- 3–6de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“postponed the start time of the fast nitrogen accumulation phase by 3–6d”
t0“Integrated soil-cotton management system”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated management raised final nitrogen accumulation 32.5–38.3%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Integrated soil-cotton management systemt0
- Outcome
- final nitrogen accumulatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 32.5–38.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in 32.5–38.3% higher final nitrogen accumulation”
t0“Integrated soil-cotton management system”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased nitrogen accumulation improved leaf area index, leaf area duration, and boll number.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- leaf area index, leaf area duration and boll numbere0
- Direction
- improvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increased nitrogen accumulation improved leaf area index, leaf area duration and boll number”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased nitrogen accumulation enhanced agronomic and recovery nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- agronomic nitrogen use efficiency and recovery nitrogen use efficiencye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced agronomic nitrogen use efficiency and recovery nitrogen use efficiency”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest omitting nitrogen fertilizer on more fertile soil under integrated management.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- nitrogen-based fertilizer of integrated soil-cotton management system could be omitted completelye0
- Setting
- more fertile soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen-based fertilizer of integrated soil-cotton management system could be omitted completely in the more fertile soil”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated management diminished the decline in nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- integrated soil-cotton management systeme0
- Outcome
- decrement of nitrogen use efficiencye0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decrement of nitrogen use efficiency was diminished under integrated soil-cotton management system”
t0“cotton”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.