Abstract
Little is known about how the performance of legumes symbiosis affects biomass and nutrient accumulation by intercropped cereals under the field condition. To assess the agricultural services of an intercropping system; durum wheat (Triticum turgidum durum L.cv. VITRON) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.cv. FLIP 90/13 C) were cultivated as both intercrops and sole cropping during two growing seasons under the field trial, to compare plant biomass, nodulation, N and phosphorus (P) uptake, and N nutrition index. Both the above-ground biomass and grain yield and consequently, the amount of N taken up by intercropped durum wheat increased significantly (44%, 48%, and 30%, respectively) compared with sole cropping during the two seasons. However, intercropping decreased P uptake by both durum wheat and chickpea. The efficiency in use of rhizobial symbiosis (EURS) for intercropped chickpea was significantly higher than for chickpea grown as sole cropping. The intercropped chickpea considerably increased N (49%) and P (75%) availability in durum wheat rhizosphere. In the case of chickpea shoot, the N nutrition (defined by the ratio between actual and critical N uptake by crop) and acquisition were higher in intercropping during only the first year of cropping. Moreover, biomass, grin yield, and resource (N and P) use efficiency were significantly improved, as indicated by higher land equivalent ratio (LER > 1) in intercropping over sole cropping treatments. Our findings suggest that change in the intercropped chickpea rhizosphere-induced parameters facilitated P and N uptake, above-ground biomass, grain yield, and land use efficiency for wheat crop.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropped durum wheat aboveground biomass increased 44% versus sole cropping.
- Taxon
- durum wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durume0 - Treatment
- intercroppede0
- Outcome
- above-ground biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 44%e0
- Comparator
- sole croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“above-ground biomass and grain yield and consequently, the amount of N taken up by intercropped durum wheat increased significantly (44%, 48%, and 30%, respectively) compared with sole cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropped durum wheat grain yield increased 48% versus sole cropping.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- intercroppede0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 48%e0
- Comparator
- sole croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“above-ground biomass and grain yield and consequently, the amount of N taken up by intercropped durum wheat increased significantly (44%, 48%, and 30%, respectively) compared with sole cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropped durum wheat nitrogen uptake increased 30% versus sole cropping.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- intercroppede0
- Outcome
- amount of N taken upe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Comparator
- sole croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“above-ground biomass and grain yield and consequently, the amount of N taken up by intercropped durum wheat increased significantly (44%, 48%, and 30%, respectively) compared with sole cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping decreased phosphorus uptake by durum wheat.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- P uptakee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping decreased P uptake by both durum wheat and chickpea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping decreased phosphorus uptake by chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0 - Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- P uptakee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping decreased P uptake by both durum wheat and chickpea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobial symbiosis use efficiency was significantly higher in intercropped chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- intercroppede0
- Interactor
- rhizobiale0symbiont
- Outcome
- efficiency in use of rhizobial symbiosis (EURS)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- sole croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficiency in use of rhizobial symbiosis (EURS) for intercropped chickpea was significantly higher than for chickpea grown as sole cropping.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea intercropping increased nitrogen availability in the wheat rhizosphere by 49%.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- intercropped chickpeae0
- Outcome
- N (49%) and P (75%) availability in durum wheat rhizospheree0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 49%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropped chickpea considerably increased N (49%) and P (75%) availability in durum wheat rhizosphere.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea intercropping increased phosphorus availability in the wheat rhizosphere by 75%.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- intercropped chickpeae0
- Outcome
- P (75%) availability in durum wheat rhizospheree0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropped chickpea considerably increased N (49%) and P (75%) availability in durum wheat rhizosphere.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea shoot nitrogen nutrition and acquisition were higher under intercropping only in year one.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- N nutrition (defined by the ratio between actual and critical N uptake by crop) and acquisitione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- only the first year of croppinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the N nutrition (defined by the ratio between actual and critical N uptake by crop) and acquisition were higher in intercropping during only the first year of cropping.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping improved biomass, grain yield and nutrient use efficiency, with land equivalent ratio above one.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- land equivalent ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- LER > 1e0
- Comparator
- sole cropping treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biomass, grin yield, and resource (N and P) use efficiency were significantly improved, as indicated by higher land equivalent ratio (LER > 1) in intercropping over sole cropping treatments.”
t0“Wheat”
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See all 9 papers →intercropping · organism · Triticum turgidum (rivet wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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intercropping · nutrient: content · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
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intercropping · growth · Triticum turgidum (rivet wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.