Abstract
Application of low quality irrigation water is compulsive in facing water scarcity. Magnetized water is an attractive approach to overcome this challenge as considered eco-friendly physical pretreatment of brackish water. The objectives of this study are to: i) Investigate and compare the effect of two different magnetic intensities for treating brackish water to alleviate water and soil salinity stresses on sunflower growth, yield production under constructed gated pipe and drip irrigation systems, and ii) Determine the changes in soil properties due to the application the magnetically treated brackish water in Ras-Sedr, South Sinai Governorate. The study was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Station of Desert Research Centre, Research Station of Ras-Sedr region, Egypt. Two magnetized-brackish water (BW1; with magnet gauss strength of 1200 and BW2; with magnet gauss strength of 3850) and untreated brackish water were applied under gated pipe and drip irrigation systems. The two tested factors were laid out in split-plot design with three replications where the two irrigation systems and the three irrigation water-treatments were allocated in main and sub-plots, respectively. The results showed that concentration of soil soluble cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+) and anions (Cl-, HCO3- and SO42-) at soil depths of 0–30, 30–60 cm was decreased when the soil treated by magnetized water compared to control and more decreasing occurred with higher magnetic strength. Also, the results showed that, the soil concentrations of available N, P, K as well as CEC, SAR, CaCO3, bulk density and available micro-element contents in the magnetized-water treated soil were lower than those with non-magnetized irrigation water treatment at the two depths. Soil surface samples were investigated using Energy Dispersive X-ray spectral (EDX (and Scan electron microscope (SEM) images and specific surface area (SSA) analysis to identify the particular elements and their relation proportion for soil aggregations. Magnetized water treated-soil gave higher soil aggregations than control. Irrigation of sunflower plants with magnetically treated brackish-water under gated or drip irrigation systems led to improved Chlorophyll concentrations, accumulated dry matter in plant organs and macro-element contents in leaves at 60 DAS. The changes of dry weight in stem and leaf and plant height were significant (LSD0.05). Seed and oil yield (%) also were improved significantly compared to the irrigation with BW under both irrigation systems. Average N, K and Ca contents in sunflower leaves increased with magnetized-BW2 treatment under the both irrigation systems compared to those in BW1 and control treatments. Plant height and plant seed and oil yields were significantly increased with both magnetized water treatments.It can be conclude that the irrigation with magnetized water could be a promising technique in the agriculture with soil and water under salt stress conditions using gated pipe or drip irrigation systems.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetized water decreased soluble soil cations and anions, with greater decreases at higher magnetic strength.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- magnetized watere0
- Outcome
- concentration of soil soluble cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+) and anions (Cl-, HCO3- and SO42-)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 0–30, 30–60 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that concentration of soil soluble cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+) and anions (Cl-, HCO3- and SO42-) at soil depths of 0–30, 30–60 cm was decreased when the soil treated by magnetized water compared to control and more decreasing occurred with higher magnetic strength.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetized irrigation water reduced soil available nutrients, CEC, SAR, calcium carbonate, bulk density and micronutrients at both depths.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- magnetized-watere0
- Outcome
- soil concentrations of available N, P, K as well as CEC, SAR, CaCO3, bulk density and available micro-element contentse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- at the two depthse0
- Comparator
- non-magnetized irrigation water treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soil concentrations of available N, P, K as well as CEC, SAR, CaCO3, bulk density and available micro-element contents in the magnetized-water treated soil were lower than those with non-magnetized irrigation water treatment at the two depths.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetized water increased soil aggregation over the control.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Magnetized watere0
- Outcome
- soil aggregationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magnetized water treated-soil gave higher soil aggregations than control.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetically treated brackish water improved sunflower Chlorophyll concentrations.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- magnetically treated brackish-watere0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll concentrationse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- at 60 DASe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation of sunflower plants with magnetically treated brackish-water under gated or drip irrigation systems led to improved Chlorophyll concentrations, accumulated dry matter in plant organs and macro-element contents in leaves at 60 DAS.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetically treated brackish water improved sunflower accumulated dry matter in plant organs.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- magnetically treated brackish-watere0
- Outcome
- accumulated dry matter in plant organse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- at 60 DASe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation of sunflower plants with magnetically treated brackish-water under gated or drip irrigation systems led to improved Chlorophyll concentrations, accumulated dry matter in plant organs and macro-element contents in leaves at 60 DAS.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetically treated brackish water improved sunflower macro-element contents in leaves.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- magnetically treated brackish-watere0
- Outcome
- macro-element contents in leavese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- at 60 DASe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation of sunflower plants with magnetically treated brackish-water under gated or drip irrigation systems led to improved Chlorophyll concentrations, accumulated dry matter in plant organs and macro-element contents in leaves at 60 DAS.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem and leaf dry weight and plant height changed significantly under magnetized water irrigation.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Magnetically Treated Brackish Watert1
- Outcome
- dry weight in stem and leaf and plant heighte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The changes of dry weight in stem and leaf and plant height were significant (LSD0.05).”
t0“Sunflower”
t1“Magnetically Treated Brackish Water”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetized brackish water significantly improved sunflower seed yield under both irrigation systems.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Magnetically Treated Brackish Watert1
- Outcome
- Seed and oil yield (%)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under both irrigation systemse0
- Comparator
- irrigation with BWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed and oil yield (%) also were improved significantly compared to the irrigation with BW under both irrigation systems.”
t0“Sunflower”
t1“Magnetically Treated Brackish Water”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetized brackish water significantly improved sunflower oil yield under both irrigation systems.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Magnetically Treated Brackish Watert1
- Outcome
- oil yield (%)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under both irrigation systemse0
- Comparator
- irrigation with BWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed and oil yield (%) also were improved significantly compared to the irrigation with BW under both irrigation systems.”
t0“Sunflower”
t1“Magnetically Treated Brackish Water”
Claim · model-written summary
BW2 increased average sunflower leaf N, K and Ca content relative to BW1 and control under both irrigation systems.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- magnetized-BW2 treatmente0
- Outcome
- N, K and Ca contents in sunflower leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under the both irrigation systemse0
- Comparator
- BW1 and control treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average N, K and Ca contents in sunflower leaves increased with magnetized-BW2 treatment under the both irrigation systems compared to those in BW1 and control treatments.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Both magnetized water treatments significantly increased sunflower plant height.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- both magnetized water treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height and plant seed and oil yields were significantly increased with both magnetized water treatments.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Both magnetized water treatments significantly increased sunflower seed yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- both magnetized water treatmentse0
- Outcome
- plant seed and oil yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height and plant seed and oil yields were significantly increased with both magnetized water treatments.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Both magnetized water treatments significantly increased sunflower oil yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- both magnetized water treatmentse0
- Outcome
- oil yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height and plant seed and oil yields were significantly increased with both magnetized water treatments.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend magnetized irrigation water for agriculture under salt stress with gated pipe or drip irrigation.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- irrigation with magnetized watere0
- Qualifier
- under salt stress conditions using gated pipe or drip irrigation systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It can be conclude that the irrigation with magnetized water could be a promising technique in the agriculture with soil and water under salt stress conditions using gated pipe or drip irrigation systems.”
t0“Sunflower”
The same questions in other papers
magnetic · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →magnetic · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.