Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Understanding how climate change influences crop productivity helps in identifying new options to increase crop productivity. Soybean is the most important dicotyledonous seed crop in terms of planting area. Although the impacts of elevated atmospheric [CO2] on soybean physiology, growth and biomass accumulation have been studied extensively, the contribution of different factors to changes in season-long whole crop photosynthetic CO2 uptake [gross primary productivity (GPP)] under elevated [CO2] have not been fully quantified. METHODS: A 3-D canopy model combining canopy 3-D architecture, ray tracing and leaf photosynthesis was built to: (1) study the impacts of elevated [CO2] on soybean GPP across a whole growing season; (2) dissect the contribution of different factors to changes in GPP; and (3) determine the extent, if any, of synergism between [CO2] and light on changes in GPP. The model was parameterized from measurements of leaf physiology and canopy architectural parameters at the soybean Free Air CO2 Enrichment (SoyFACE) facility in Champaign, Illinois. KEY RESULTS: Using this model, we showed that both a CO2 fertilization effect and changes in canopy architecture contributed to the large increase in GPP while acclimation in photosynthetic physiological parameters to elevated [CO2] and altered leaf temperature played only a minor role in the changes in GPP. Furthermore, at early developmental stages, elevated [CO2] increased leaf area index which led to increased canopy light absorption and canopy photosynthesis. At later developmental stages, on days with high ambient light levels, the proportion of leaves in a canopy limited by Rubisco carboxylation increased from 12.2 % to 35.6 %, which led to a greater enhancement of elevated [CO2] to GPP. CONCLUSIONS: This study develops a new method to dissect the contribution of different factors to responses of crops under climate change. We showed that there is a synergestic effect of CO2 and light on crop growth under elevated CO2 conditions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 fertilization contributed to the large modeled GPP increase.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- CO2 fertilization effecte0
- Outcome
- increase in GPPe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both a CO2 fertilization effect and changes in canopy architecture contributed to the large increase in GPP”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Canopy architectural changes contributed to the large modeled GPP increase.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- increase in GPPe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- changes in canopy architecturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in canopy architecture contributed to the large increase in GPP”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic acclimation played only a minor role in modeled GPP changes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- minor role in the changes in GPPe0
- Qualifier
- acclimation in photosynthetic physiological parameterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acclimation in photosynthetic physiological parameters to elevated [CO2] and altered leaf temperature played only a minor role in the changes in GPP”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Altered leaf temperature played only a minor role in modeled GPP changes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- minor role in the changes in GPPe0
- Qualifier
- altered leaf temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“altered leaf temperature played only a minor role in the changes in GPP”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased early-stage leaf area index.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- early developmental stagese0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at early developmental stages, elevated [CO2] increased leaf area index”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher leaf area index increased canopy light absorption.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- increased canopy light absorptione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- increased leaf area indexe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased leaf area index which led to increased canopy light absorption and canopy photosynthesis”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher leaf area index increased canopy photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- canopy photosynthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- increased leaf area indexe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased leaf area index which led to increased canopy light absorption and canopy photosynthesis”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
On high-light days later in development, Rubisco-limited leaves rose from 12.2% to 35.6%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- proportion of leaves in a canopy limited by Rubisco carboxylatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.2 % to 35.6 %e0
- Qualifier
- days with high ambient light levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on days with high ambient light levels, the proportion of leaves in a canopy limited by Rubisco carboxylation increased from 12.2 % to 35.6 %”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased Rubisco limitation yielded greater elevated-CO2 enhancement of GPP.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- enhancement of elevated [CO2] to GPPe0
- Qualifier
- greater enhancemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which led to a greater enhancement of elevated [CO2] to GPP”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The model identified a synergistic effect of CO2 and light on crop growth.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- crop growthe0
- Qualifier
- synergestic effect of CO2 and lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there is a synergestic effect of CO2 and light on crop growth under elevated CO2 conditions”
t0“soybean”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
82 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
97 papers more in this group
See all 101 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.