Abstract
Summary‘Crimson Seedless’ is a high quality, red, table grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivar, which may fail to develop adequate red colour in warm climates. In addition, most bunches contain some green berries when the rest of the bunch has become red. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone which increases in grape berry skin at the onset of maturation and is involved in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation. A commercial formulation, S-ABA (ProTone®), was sprayed at 400 mg l−1 or 800 mg l−1 in a vineyard at the beginning of veraison, or 200 mg l−1, 400 mg l−1, or 600 mg l−1 S-ABA was applied to detached berries or to small bunches (five-to-six berries) in the laboratory by spraying or by allowing uptake through the pedicel. In the vineyard, the application of S-ABA affected berry colour, changing the red berry colour of the control [hue angle (h°) = 3.6] to black for S-ABA-treated clusters (h° = –45°). Ripeness parameters (soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and berry size) were not affected by S-ABA treatment, but treated berries were less firm (250 g mm−1) than untreated control fruit (335 g mm−1) using a compression durometer. Anthocyanin accumulation in berries treated with 400 mg l−1 S-ABA was almost double that of control berries, although the anthocyanin compositions were similar. Storage of grapes at 0°C for 3 weeks, with no protection from decay, indicated that S-ABA did not increase their sensitivity to fungal infection. Green or breaker-stage detached berries, or bunches, developed a red colour by spraying with S-ABA or by uptake through the pedicel. Detached berries may therefore serve as an efficient system with which to test the effects of S-ABA and its interactions with other factors which influence colour development.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Vineyard S-ABA changed berry colour from red control to black treated clusters.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera
Vitis viniferae1 - Treatment
- S-ABAe0
- Outcome
- berry coloure0
- Direction
- changinge0
- Value
- h° = –45°e0
- Qualifier
- hue angle (h°) = 3.6e0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- vineyarde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the vineyard, the application of S-ABA affected berry colour, changing the red berry colour of the control [hue angle (h°) = 3.6] to black for S-ABA-treated clusters (h° = –45°).”
e1“grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
S-ABA did not affect soluble solids, titratable acidity or berry size.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- S-ABA treatmente0
- Outcome
- soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and berry sizee0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ripeness parameters (soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and berry size) were not affected by S-ABA treatment”
e1“grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
S-ABA treated berries were less firm than untreated fruit, at 250 versus 335 g mm−1.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- treatede0
- Outcome
- firme0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 250 g mm−1e0
- Qualifier
- 335 g mm−1e0
- Comparator
- untreated control fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treated berries were less firm (250 g mm−1) than untreated control fruit (335 g mm−1)”
e1“grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
At 400 mg l−1, S-ABA nearly doubled berry anthocyanin accumulation relative to controls.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- 400 mg l−1 S-ABAe0
- Outcome
- Anthocyanin accumulatione0
- Direction
- almost doublee0
- Comparator
- control berriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anthocyanin accumulation in berries treated with 400 mg l−1 S-ABA was almost double that of control berries”
e1“grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
S-ABA treated berries retained similar anthocyanin compositions to controls.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- 400 mg l−1 S-ABAe0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin compositionse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- control berriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anthocyanin accumulation in berries treated with 400 mg l−1 S-ABA was almost double that of control berries, although the anthocyanin compositions were similar.”
e1“grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
S-ABA did not increase fungal infection sensitivity after three weeks at 0°C.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- S-ABAe0
- Outcome
- sensitivity to fungal infectione0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Qualifier
- at 0°C for 3 weekse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Storage of grapes at 0°C for 3 weeks, with no protection from decay, indicated that S-ABA did not increase their sensitivity to fungal infection.”
e1“grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying S-ABA developed red colour in green or breaker-stage detached berries or bunches.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Organ / stage
- Green or breaker-stage detached berriese0
- Treatment
- spraying with S-ABAe0
- Outcome
- developed a red coloure0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Green or breaker-stage detached berries, or bunches, developed a red colour by spraying with S-ABA”
e1“grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
S-ABA uptake through the pedicel developed red colour in green or breaker-stage detached berries or bunches.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Organ / stage
- Green or breaker-stage detached berriese0
- Treatment
- uptake through the pedicele0
- Outcome
- developed a red coloure0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Green or breaker-stage detached berries, or bunches, developed a red colour by spraying with S-ABA or by uptake through the pedicel.”
e1“grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose detached berries as an efficient S-ABA test system.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Outcome
- efficient system with which to test the effects of S-ABAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Detached berries may therefore serve as an efficient system with which to test the effects of S-ABA and its interactions with other factors which influence colour development.”
e1“grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivar”
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application · quality: postharvest · Vitis vinifera (wine grape)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.