Abstract
Effects of three preharvest sprays of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on fruit quality, yield, and mineral content in ‘Asgari’ table grape (Vitis vinifera) were studied. Calcium sprays were made at rates of 0%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, and 2% w/v as T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Applications were made at fruit set, early pre-bunch closure, and late bunch closure. Fruit analyses showed that Ca partitioning in the various parts of the fruit was not proportional to the levels of Ca application. The rate of Ca accumulation in the berry during the berry development followed a sigmoid pattern in all treatments. The rate of Ca accumulation depended on both the growth phase and the level of Ca applied. The highest rate was recorded at 60 days after anthesis in the high Ca (T4) treatment. Calcium accumulation in the berry ceased after 80 days past anthesis (beginning of veraison) in all treatments, while Ca redistributed from flesh to skin during berry ripening. At the end of growing season, Ca content of rachis is almost 6 times greater than Ca content of berry in all treatments. Calcium accumulated mostly in the rachis and less in the flesh during grape berry development. Yield components including berry weight, cluster weight, and thus total yield per vine were not significantly influenced by Ca sprays, whereas berry drops and botrytis infection were reduced by Ca sprays. Quality components including juice-pH, SSC, and titratable acidity were not significantly affected, whereas berry firmness, berry color, and appearance improved at harvest time. A Ca-K antagonism was observed in this investigation. The vines in the high-Ca concentration (T4) treatment sometimes exhibited leaf injury (lesions), but this was not observed on cluster and berries.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium partitioning among fruit parts was not proportional to the level of calcium applied.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera
Vitis viniferae0 - Material
- Asgarie0
- Treatment
- levels of Ca applicatione1
- Outcome
- Ca partitioning in the various parts of the fruite1
- Direction
- not proportionale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of three preharvest sprays of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on fruit quality, yield, and mineral content in ‘Asgari’ table grape (Vitis vinifera) were studied”
e1“Fruit analyses showed that Ca partitioning in the various parts of the fruit was not proportional to the levels of Ca application”
Claim · model-written summary
Berry calcium accumulation rate followed a sigmoid pattern in all treatments.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Asgarie0
- Organ / stage
- berrye1
- Outcome
- rate of Ca accumulation in the berrye1
- Qualifier
- sigmoid patterne1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of three preharvest sprays of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on fruit quality, yield, and mineral content in ‘Asgari’ table grape (Vitis vinifera) were studied”
e1“The rate of Ca accumulation in the berry during the berry development followed a sigmoid pattern in all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The berry calcium accumulation rate depended on growth phase and calcium level applied.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Asgarie0
- Treatment
- level of Ca appliede1
- Outcome
- rate of Ca accumulatione1
- Qualifier
- growth phasee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of three preharvest sprays of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on fruit quality, yield, and mineral content in ‘Asgari’ table grape (Vitis vinifera) were studied”
e1“The rate of Ca accumulation depended on both the growth phase and the level of Ca applied”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest berry calcium accumulation rate was recorded at 60 days after anthesis in the high-Ca (T4) treatment.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- high Ca (T4)e1
- Outcome
- ratee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 60 days after anthesise1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of three preharvest sprays of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on fruit quality, yield, and mineral content in ‘Asgari’ table grape (Vitis vinifera) were studied”
e1“The highest rate was recorded at 60 days after anthesis in the high Ca (T4) treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium accumulation in the berry ceased after 80 days past anthesis in all treatments.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Organ / stage
- berrye1
- Outcome
- Calcium accumulation in the berrye1
- Qualifier
- ceased after 80 days past anthesise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of three preharvest sprays of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on fruit quality, yield, and mineral content in ‘Asgari’ table grape (Vitis vinifera) were studied”
e1“Calcium accumulation in the berry ceased after 80 days past anthesis (beginning of veraison) in all treatments, while Ca redistributed from flesh to skin during berry ripening”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium redistributed from flesh to skin during berry ripening.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Outcome
- Cae1
- Qualifier
- redistributed from flesh to skin during berry ripeninge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of three preharvest sprays of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on fruit quality, yield, and mineral content in ‘Asgari’ table grape (Vitis vinifera) were studied”
e1“Calcium accumulation in the berry ceased after 80 days past anthesis (beginning of veraison) in all treatments, while Ca redistributed from flesh to skin during berry ripening”
Claim · model-written summary
At the end of the season, rachis Ca content was almost 6 times that of berry in all treatments.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Organ / stage
- rachise1
- Outcome
- Ca content of rachise1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- almost 6 timese1
- Comparator
- Ca content of berrye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of three preharvest sprays of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on fruit quality, yield, and mineral content in ‘Asgari’ table grape (Vitis vinifera) were studied”
e1“At the end of growing season, Ca content of rachis is almost 6 times greater than Ca content of berry in all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium accumulated mostly in the rachis and less in the flesh during berry development.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Organ / stage
- rachise1
- Outcome
- Calcium accumulatede1
- Qualifier
- mostly in the rachis and less in the fleshe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of three preharvest sprays of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on fruit quality, yield, and mineral content in ‘Asgari’ table grape (Vitis vinifera) were studied”
e1“Calcium accumulated mostly in the rachis and less in the flesh during grape berry development”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium sprays did not significantly influence berry weight, cluster weight or total yield per vine.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- Ca sprayse1
- Outcome
- berry weight, cluster weight, and thus total yield per vinee1
- Direction
- not significantly influencede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of three preharvest sprays of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on fruit quality, yield, and mineral content in ‘Asgari’ table grape (Vitis vinifera) were studied”
e1“Yield components including berry weight, cluster weight, and thus total yield per vine were not significantly influenced by Ca sprays”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium sprays reduced berry drops and Botrytis infection.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- Ca sprayse1
- Outcome
- berry drops and botrytis infectione1
- Direction
- reducede1
BotrytisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of three preharvest sprays of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on fruit quality, yield, and mineral content in ‘Asgari’ table grape (Vitis vinifera) were studied”
e1“whereas berry drops and botrytis infection were reduced by Ca sprays”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium sprays did not significantly affect juice pH, SSC or titratable acidity.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- preharvest sprays of calcium chloride (CaCl2)e0
- Outcome
- juice-pH, SSC, and titratable aciditye1
- Direction
- not significantly affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of three preharvest sprays of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on fruit quality, yield, and mineral content in ‘Asgari’ table grape (Vitis vinifera) were studied”
e1“Quality components including juice-pH, SSC, and titratable acidity were not significantly affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium sprays improved berry firmness, berry color and appearance at harvest.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- preharvest sprays of calcium chloride (CaCl2)e0
- Outcome
- berry firmness, berry color, and appearancee1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- at harvest timee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of three preharvest sprays of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on fruit quality, yield, and mineral content in ‘Asgari’ table grape (Vitis vinifera) were studied”
e1“whereas berry firmness, berry color, and appearance improved at harvest time”
Claim · model-written summary
A Ca-K antagonism was observed in grapevines.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Outcome
- Ca-K antagonisme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of three preharvest sprays of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on fruit quality, yield, and mineral content in ‘Asgari’ table grape (Vitis vinifera) were studied”
e1“A Ca-K antagonism was observed in this investigation”
Claim · model-written summary
High-Ca (T4) vines sometimes showed leaf injury but no injury on clusters or berries.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Treatment
- high-Ca concentration (T4)e1
- Outcome
- leaf injury (lesions)e1
- Qualifier
- sometimese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of three preharvest sprays of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on fruit quality, yield, and mineral content in ‘Asgari’ table grape (Vitis vinifera) were studied”
e1“The vines in the high-Ca concentration (T4) treatment sometimes exhibited leaf injury (lesions), but this was not observed on cluster and berries”
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