Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted in a sandy soil in the extension field in El–Salhia region, Sharkia Governorate during 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 seasons to study the effect of three levels of nitrogen (45, 65 and 85 kg N/fad) and three glycinebetaine rates (0, 8 and 12mM/fad) on the growth and yield of barley (Giza 124 cv.) under two irrigation intervals (weekly irrigated and di-weekly irrigated). The most important findings could be summarized as follows: Irrigation every two weeks instead of one week reduced significantly all growth attributes. The relative decrease percentages were 25.41 and 22.93%, 22.63 and 19.98%, and 25.11 and 26.19% for flag leaf blade area, total chlorophyll and relative water content in both seasons, respectively. Addition of 85 kg N/fad increased these traits by 12.80 and 13.63%, 1.88 and 3.50%, and 3.28 and 4.59% in the first and second seasons, respectively compared with the addition of 45 kg N/fad. Meanwhile, using 12 mM glycinebetaine (GB) increased these traits by 20.63 and 23.06%, 32.30 and 35.80%, and 22.57 and 30.40% in the first and second seasons, respectively compared with untreated plants. Under stress or non stress condition, increasing N level from 45 to 85 kg/fad without GB did not increase total chlorophyll. Meanwhile, this trait was increased significantly with increasing GB from zero to 12 mM. Prolonging the period of irrigation from 7 to 14 day reduced significantly the yield and its attributes. The relative reduction percentages for grain and straw yields were 22.73 and 26.02% and 26.73 and 24.79% in both seasons, respectively. Increasing N-level from 45 kg to 85 kg N/fad increased grain yield, straw yield and mean productivity by 12.84 and 12.78%, 16.43 and 14.7%, and 12.88 and 12.85% in both seasons, respectively. Meanwhile, the relative increase percentages due to application of 12mM GB/fad compared with zero GB were 21.27 and 24.77%, 24.82 and 26.83%, and 21.30 and 24.73% for these traits in both seasons, respectively. The interaction between frequent irrigation, zero GB and 45 kg N/fad gave 11.38 ardab/fad compared with 15.34 ardab/fad which was obtained from frequent irrigation, 8mM GB/fad and 85 kg N/fad. Meanwhile, the interaction between drought condition, zero GB and 45 kg N/fad gave 8.66 ardab/fad compared with 11.69 ardab/fad which was obtained from drought condition, 8mM GB/fad and 85 kg N/fad treatments.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Two-week irrigation reduced flag leaf blade area by 25.41% and 22.93% in the two seasons.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- Irrigation every two weekse0
- Outcome
- flag leaf blade areae0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 25.41 and 22.93%e0
- Comparator
- one weeke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation every two weeks instead of one week reduced significantly all growth attributes. The relative decrease percentages were 25.41 and 22.93%, 22.63 and 19.98%, and 25.11 and 26.19% for flag leaf blade area, total chlorophyll and relative water content in both seasons, respectively.”
t0“BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two-week irrigation reduced total chlorophyll by 22.63% and 19.98%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Irrigation every two weekse0
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 22.63 and 19.98%e0
- Comparator
- one weeke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation every two weeks instead of one week reduced significantly all growth attributes. The relative decrease percentages were 25.41 and 22.93%, 22.63 and 19.98%, and 25.11 and 26.19% for flag leaf blade area, total chlorophyll and relative water content in both seasons, respectively.”
t0“BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two-week irrigation reduced relative water content by 25.11% and 26.19%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Irrigation every two weekse0
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 25.11 and 26.19%e0
- Comparator
- one weeke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation every two weeks instead of one week reduced significantly all growth attributes. The relative decrease percentages were 25.41 and 22.93%, 22.63 and 19.98%, and 25.11 and 26.19% for flag leaf blade area, total chlorophyll and relative water content in both seasons, respectively.”
t0“BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
85 kg N/fad increased flag leaf blade area by 12.80 and 13.63% compared with 45 kg N/fad.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 85 kg N/fade0
- Outcome
- flag leaf blade areae1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.80 and 13.63%e0
- Comparator
- 45 kg N/fade0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of 85 kg N/fad increased these traits by 12.80 and 13.63%, 1.88 and 3.50%, and 3.28 and 4.59% in the first and second seasons, respectively compared with the addition of 45 kg N/fad.”
t0“BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)”
e1“flag leaf blade area, total chlorophyll and relative water content”
Claim · model-written summary
85 kg N/fad increased total chlorophyll by 1.88 and 3.50% compared with 45 kg N/fad.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 85 kg N/fade0
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.88 and 3.50%e0
- Comparator
- 45 kg N/fade0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of 85 kg N/fad increased these traits by 12.80 and 13.63%, 1.88 and 3.50%, and 3.28 and 4.59% in the first and second seasons, respectively compared with the addition of 45 kg N/fad.”
t0“BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)”
e1“flag leaf blade area, total chlorophyll and relative water content”
Claim · model-written summary
85 kg N/fad increased relative water content by 3.28 and 4.59% compared with 45 kg N/fad.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 85 kg N/fade0
- Outcome
- relative water contente1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.28 and 4.59%e0
- Comparator
- 45 kg N/fade0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of 85 kg N/fad increased these traits by 12.80 and 13.63%, 1.88 and 3.50%, and 3.28 and 4.59% in the first and second seasons, respectively compared with the addition of 45 kg N/fad.”
t0“BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)”
e1“flag leaf blade area, total chlorophyll and relative water content”
Claim · model-written summary
12 mM glycinebetaine increased flag leaf blade area by 20.63 and 23.06% compared with untreated plants.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 12 mM glycinebetaine (GB)e0
- Outcome
- flag leaf blade areae1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.63 and 23.06%e0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, using 12 mM glycinebetaine (GB) increased these traits by 20.63 and 23.06%, 32.30 and 35.80%, and 22.57 and 30.40% in the first and second seasons, respectively compared with untreated plants.”
t0“BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)”
e1“flag leaf blade area, total chlorophyll and relative water content”
Claim · model-written summary
12 mM glycinebetaine increased total chlorophyll by 32.30 and 35.80% compared with untreated plants.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 12 mM glycinebetaine (GB)e0
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 32.30 and 35.80%e0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, using 12 mM glycinebetaine (GB) increased these traits by 20.63 and 23.06%, 32.30 and 35.80%, and 22.57 and 30.40% in the first and second seasons, respectively compared with untreated plants.”
t0“BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)”
e1“flag leaf blade area, total chlorophyll and relative water content”
Claim · model-written summary
12 mM glycinebetaine increased relative water content by 22.57 and 30.40% compared with untreated plants.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 12 mM glycinebetaine (GB)e0
- Outcome
- relative water contente1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.57 and 30.40%e0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, using 12 mM glycinebetaine (GB) increased these traits by 20.63 and 23.06%, 32.30 and 35.80%, and 22.57 and 30.40% in the first and second seasons, respectively compared with untreated plants.”
t0“BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)”
e1“flag leaf blade area, total chlorophyll and relative water content”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen without glycinebetaine did not increase total chlorophyll under either water condition.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- increasing N level from 45 to 85 kg/fad without GBe0
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Comparator
- 45e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under stress or non stress condition, increasing N level from 45 to 85 kg/fad without GB did not increase total chlorophyll.”
t0“BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing glycinebetaine significantly increased total chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- increasing GB from zero to 12 mMe0
- Outcome
- this traite0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- zeroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, this trait was increased significantly with increasing GB from zero to 12 mM.”
t0“BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Extending irrigation from 7 to 14 days reduced grain yield by 22.73 and 26.02%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Prolonging the period of irrigation from 7 to 14 daye0
- Outcome
- graine0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 22.73 and 26.02%e0
- Comparator
- 7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prolonging the period of irrigation from 7 to 14 day reduced significantly the yield and its attributes. The relative reduction percentages for grain and straw yields were 22.73 and 26.02% and 26.73 and 24.79% in both seasons, respectively.”
t0“BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Extending irrigation from 7 to 14 days reduced straw yield by 26.73 and 24.79%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Prolonging the period of irrigation from 7 to 14 daye0
- Outcome
- strawe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 26.73 and 24.79%e0
- Comparator
- 7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prolonging the period of irrigation from 7 to 14 day reduced significantly the yield and its attributes. The relative reduction percentages for grain and straw yields were 22.73 and 26.02% and 26.73 and 24.79% in both seasons, respectively.”
t0“BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen from 45 to 85 kg N/fad increased grain yield by 12.84 and 12.78%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Increasing N-level from 45 kg to 85 kg N/fade0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.84 and 12.78%e0
- Comparator
- 45 kge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing N-level from 45 kg to 85 kg N/fad increased grain yield, straw yield and mean productivity by 12.84 and 12.78%, 16.43 and 14.7%, and 12.88 and 12.85% in both seasons, respectively.”
t0“BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen from 45 to 85 kg N/fad increased straw yield by 16.43 and 14.7%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Increasing N-level from 45 kg to 85 kg N/fade0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16.43 and 14.7%e0
- Comparator
- 45 kge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing N-level from 45 kg to 85 kg N/fad increased grain yield, straw yield and mean productivity by 12.84 and 12.78%, 16.43 and 14.7%, and 12.88 and 12.85% in both seasons, respectively.”
t0“BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen from 45 to 85 kg N/fad increased mean productivity by 12.88 and 12.85%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Increasing N-level from 45 kg to 85 kg N/fade0
- Outcome
- mean productivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.88 and 12.85%e0
- Comparator
- 45 kge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing N-level from 45 kg to 85 kg N/fad increased grain yield, straw yield and mean productivity by 12.84 and 12.78%, 16.43 and 14.7%, and 12.88 and 12.85% in both seasons, respectively.”
t0“BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 12mM GB/fad increased grain yield by 21.27 and 24.77% compared with zero GB.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 12mM GB/fade0
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 21.27 and 24.77%e0
- Comparator
- zero GBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, the relative increase percentages due to application of 12mM GB/fad compared with zero GB were 21.27 and 24.77%, 24.82 and 26.83%, and 21.30 and 24.73% for these traits in both seasons, respectively.”
t0“BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)”
e1“grain yield, straw yield and mean productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 12mM GB/fad increased straw yield by 24.82 and 26.83% compared with zero GB.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 12mM GB/fade0
- Outcome
- straw yielde1
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 24.82 and 26.83%e0
- Comparator
- zero GBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, the relative increase percentages due to application of 12mM GB/fad compared with zero GB were 21.27 and 24.77%, 24.82 and 26.83%, and 21.30 and 24.73% for these traits in both seasons, respectively.”
t0“BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)”
e1“grain yield, straw yield and mean productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 12mM GB/fad increased mean productivity by 21.30 and 24.73% compared with zero GB.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 12mM GB/fade0
- Outcome
- mean productivitye1
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 21.30 and 24.73%e0
- Comparator
- zero GBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, the relative increase percentages due to application of 12mM GB/fad compared with zero GB were 21.27 and 24.77%, 24.82 and 26.83%, and 21.30 and 24.73% for these traits in both seasons, respectively.”
t0“BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)”
e1“grain yield, straw yield and mean productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
The 8mM GB and 85 kg nitrogen combination yielded more than zero GB and 45 kg nitrogen under frequent irrigation and drought.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 8mM GB/fad and 85 kg N/fade0
- Outcome
- ardab/fade0
- Direction
- compared withe0
- Value
- 15.34 ardab/fade0
- Qualifier
- 11.38 ardab/fade0
- Comparator
- zero GB and 45 kg N/fade0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction between frequent irrigation, zero GB and 45 kg N/fad gave 11.38 ardab/fad compared with 15.34 ardab/fad which was obtained from frequent irrigation, 8mM GB/fad and 85 kg N/fad. Meanwhile, the interaction between drought condition, zero GB and 45 kg N/fad gave 8.66 ardab/fad compared with 11.69 ardab/fad which was obtained from drought condition, 8mM GB/fad and 85 kg N/fad treatments.”
t0“BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)”
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