Abstract
Essential oils as natural antifungal substances one of the alternative methods for plant disease control. The present study was conducted during 2015 and 2016 to investigate the antifungal activity and oil constituents of volatile oils from spearmint (Mentha viridis L.)and peppermint( Mentha piperita L.) against cotton root rot pathogen (Macrophomina phaseolina). Gas chromatographic analysis revealed that spearmint volatile oilwas constituted by carvone (60.16%) as a major component followed by 1,8 cineole (8.67%), limonene (7.40 %), dihydro carvone (5.86 %), β- ocimene (4.29%) and pulegone (3.23%). While peppermint volatile oilwas rich in menthone (46.52%), menthol (25.88%), limonene (7.72%) menthyl acetate (3.90%), iso menthol (2.10%) and sabinene (2.03%). Both essential oils with different concentrations were evaluated in vitro against three fungus isolates. The two tested oils exhibited 89.55 inhibition percent for the crude oils, against all the tested fungal isolates. Moreover, it was noticed that as oil concentrations decreased, the inhibitory effect also decreased. At the same time, a highly significant effect of oils at all concentrations was observed during sclerotial formation (number and size). The use of essential oils as seed treatment exhibited a highly significant reduction in disease incidence of cotton which has been artificially infested with root rot pathogen, compared to fungicide and untreated control treatments under the greenhouse conditions. This reduction was calculated to be between 4.56 and 100% compared with a 26.67% reduction with the utilization of Topsin M treatment at the pre-emergence stage. At the post-emergence stage, all applied treatments were able to decrease the percentage of root-rot incidence. Reduction ranged between 66.67 and 100% over the untreated control. Reduction in disease incidence was reflected in a survival plants increase of 34.62–96.17% and 73.09–126.9% for spearmint and peppermint volatile oils, receptively. Results in the current study demonstrated, that application of peppermint essential oils has an observer influence on the plant growth (plant height), which differ significantly from this of spearmint oil.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Carvone was the major component of spearmint oil at 60.16%.
- Taxon
- spearmint
Mentha spicatae0 - Outcome
- carvonee0
- Direction
- major componente0
- Value
- 60.16%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spearmint volatile oilwas constituted by carvone (60.16%) as a major component”
Claim · model-written summary
Spearmint oil also contained 1,8 cineole at 8.67%.
- Taxon
- SpearmintMentha spicatae7
- Outcome
- 1,8 cineolee0
- Value
- 8.67%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1,8 cineole (8.67%)”
e7“spearmint (Mentha viridis L.)and peppermint”
Claim · model-written summary
Spearmint oil contained limonene at 7.40 %.
- Taxon
- SpearmintMentha spicatae7
- Outcome
- limonenee0
- Value
- 7.40 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“limonene (7.40 %)”
e7“spearmint (Mentha viridis L.)and peppermint”
Claim · model-written summary
Spearmint oil contained dihydro carvone at 5.86 %.
- Taxon
- SpearmintMentha spicatae7
- Outcome
- dihydro carvonee0
- Value
- 5.86 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dihydro carvone (5.86 %)”
e7“spearmint (Mentha viridis L.)and peppermint”
Claim · model-written summary
Spearmint oil contained β- ocimene at 4.29%.
- Taxon
- SpearmintMentha spicatae7
- Outcome
- β- ocimenee0
- Value
- 4.29%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“β- ocimene (4.29%)”
e7“spearmint (Mentha viridis L.)and peppermint”
Claim · model-written summary
Spearmint oil contained pulegone at 3.23%.
- Taxon
- SpearmintMentha spicatae7
- Outcome
- pulegonee0
- Value
- 3.23%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pulegone (3.23%)”
e7“spearmint (Mentha viridis L.)and peppermint”
Claim · model-written summary
Menthone was the largest reported component of peppermint oil at 46.52%.
- Taxon
- peppermint
Mentha ×piperitae0 - Outcome
- menthonee0
- Direction
- riche0
- Value
- 46.52%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peppermint volatile oilwas rich in menthone (46.52%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Peppermint oil contained menthol at 25.88%.
- Taxon
- PeppermintMentha ×piperitae7
- Outcome
- menthole0
- Value
- 25.88%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“menthol (25.88%)”
e7“peppermint volatile oilwas rich in menthone”
Claim · model-written summary
Peppermint oil contained limonene at 7.72%.
- Taxon
- PeppermintMentha ×piperitae7
- Outcome
- limonenee0
- Value
- 7.72%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“limonene (7.72%)”
e7“peppermint volatile oilwas rich in menthone”
Claim · model-written summary
Peppermint oil contained menthyl acetate at 3.90%.
- Taxon
- PeppermintMentha ×piperitae7
- Outcome
- menthyl acetatee0
- Value
- 3.90%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“menthyl acetate (3.90%)”
e7“peppermint volatile oilwas rich in menthone”
Claim · model-written summary
Peppermint oil contained iso menthol at 2.10%.
- Taxon
- PeppermintMentha ×piperitae7
- Outcome
- iso menthole0
- Value
- 2.10%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“iso menthol (2.10%)”
e7“peppermint volatile oilwas rich in menthone”
Claim · model-written summary
Peppermint oil contained sabinene at 2.03%.
- Taxon
- PeppermintMentha ×piperitae7
- Outcome
- sabinenee0
- Value
- 2.03%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sabinene (2.03%)”
e7“peppermint volatile oilwas rich in menthone”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude mint oils inhibited all tested Macrophomina isolates by 89.55 percent in vitro.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- crude oilse0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolina
Macrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen - Outcome
- inhibition percente0
- Value
- 89.55e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two tested oils exhibited 89.55 inhibition percent for the crude oils, against all the tested fungal isolates”
t0“Root Rot of Cotton”
e1“cotton root rot pathogen (Macrophomina phaseolina)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower oil concentration reduced inhibition of the pathogen.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- oil concentrationse0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitory effecte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as oil concentrations decreased, the inhibitory effect also decreased”
t0“Root Rot of Cotton”
e1“cotton root rot pathogen (Macrophomina phaseolina)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil treatments significantly affected pathogen sclerotial number and size.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- oils at all concentrationse0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Outcome
- sclerotial formation (number and size)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a highly significant effect of oils at all concentrations was observed during sclerotial formation (number and size)”
t0“Root Rot of Cotton”
e1“cotton root rot pathogen (Macrophomina phaseolina)”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oil seed treatment significantly reduced cotton disease incidence relative to fungicide and untreated controls.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- essential oils as seed treatmente0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- fungicide and untreated control treatmentse0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of essential oils as seed treatment exhibited a highly significant reduction in disease incidence of cotton which has been artificially infested with root rot pathogen, compared to fungicide and untreated control treatments under the greenhouse conditions”
e1“cotton root rot pathogen (Macrophomina phaseolina)”
Claim · model-written summary
At pre-emergence, oil treatments reduced disease by 4.56 to 100%.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- pre-emergence stagee0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Outcome
- reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 4.56 and 100%e0
- Qualifier
- 26.67%e0
- Comparator
- Topsin M treatmente0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This reduction was calculated to be between 4.56 and 100% compared with a 26.67% reduction with the utilization of Topsin M treatment at the pre-emergence stage”
t0“Root Rot of Cotton”
e1“cotton root rot pathogen (Macrophomina phaseolina)”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-emergence treatments reduced root rot incidence by 66.67 to 100% versus untreated control.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- post-emergence stagee0
- Treatment
- all applied treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Outcome
- percentage of root-rot incidencee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 66.67 and 100%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the post-emergence stage, all applied treatments were able to decrease the percentage of root-rot incidence. Reduction ranged between 66.67 and 100% over the untreated control”
t0“Root Rot of Cotton”
e1“cotton root rot pathogen (Macrophomina phaseolina)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spearmint oil increased cotton plant survival by 34.62–96.17%.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- spearminte0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Outcome
- survival plantse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 34.62–96.17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“survival plants increase of 34.62–96.17% and 73.09–126.9% for spearmint and peppermint volatile oils, receptively”
t0“Root Rot of Cotton”
e1“cotton root rot pathogen (Macrophomina phaseolina)”
Claim · model-written summary
Peppermint oil increased cotton plant survival by 73.09–126.9%.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- peppermint volatile oilse0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Outcome
- survival plantse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 73.09–126.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“survival plants increase of 34.62–96.17% and 73.09–126.9% for spearmint and peppermint volatile oils, receptively”
t0“Root Rot of Cotton”
e1“cotton root rot pathogen (Macrophomina phaseolina)”
The same questions in other papers
seed treatment · Macrophomina phaseolina · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.