Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted during the two successive growing seasons of 2011 and 2012 to evaluate the effect of ten inoculation treatments with mixtures of some plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR); i.e., Paenibacillus polymyxa (P), Azospirillum brasilense (A) and some isolates of growth promoting rhizobacteria; i.e., Pseudomonas synxantha (P1) and Bacillus subtilis 2 (B2) on Ocimum basilicum plant growth and herb yield, and to assess to what extant inoculation treatments reduce the demand of basil plant to nitrogen chemical fertilization. Inoculated plants were received only 75% of the recommended N fertilizer dose (45 kg N/ fad), while control plants were received 100% of the recommended N fertilizer dose (60 kg N/ fad) without PGPR inoculation. Results indicated that inoculation basil plants with bacterial inoculants mixture containing (A+P1+B2) or (A+P1) under the effect of 75% N dose resulted in the tallest plants bearing the highest number of branches/ plant and increased herb fresh and dry weights/ plant and/ fad comparing to control plants and all other inoculation treatments. Also, plants treated with these two the abovementioned inoculation treatments resulted in essential oil %, essential oil yield/ plant and/ fad statistically exceed or equal to that produced from control plants. Respecting essential oil components, 75% N+ (A+P1) treatment increased β-pinene and camphor percentages, while 75% N+ (A+ P1+B2) treatment increased linalool % comparing to their percentages in oil extracted from control plants. In addition, Methyl-chavicol %, which is described as a carcinogen and limits the application of basil oil in therapy, was decreased under the effect of these two treatments. The caused improvement in plant growth, herb yield and essential oil yield and its properties in plants received 75% N and inoculated with inoculant mixture containing (A+P1) or (A+P1+B2) was associated with increases in percentages of total carbohydrates, N, P and K in their tissues. Also, inoculation with all PGPR under this study significantly reduced dehydrogenase enzyme activity, but significantly increased nitrogenase enzyme activity in the soil rhisosphere of inoculated basil plants. Conclusively, it could be conclude that inoculation of Ocimum basilicum plant with inoculant bacterial mixture containing equal portions of (Azospirillum brasilense + Pseudomonas synxantha) or (Azospirillum brasilense+ Pseudomonas synxantha + Bacillus subtilis 2) can be compensate the demand of nitrogen mineral fertilization and can improve plant growth, herb yield, essential oil yield and medicinal properties of herb and its essential oil as compare to herb and oil of 100% N fertilized plants without PGPR inoculation.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
A+P1+B2 with 75% nitrogen produced the tallest plants and most branches relative to controls and other inoculants.
- Taxon
- basil
Ocimum basilicume0 - Treatment
- (A+P1+B2)e0
- Outcome
- tallest plants bearing the highest number of branches/ plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation basil plants with bacterial inoculants mixture containing (A+P1+B2) or (A+P1) under the effect of 75% N dose resulted in the tallest plants bearing the highest number of branches/ plant”
Claim · model-written summary
A+P1 with 75% nitrogen produced the tallest plants and most branches relative to controls and other inoculants.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- (A+P1)e0
- Outcome
- tallest plants bearing the highest number of branches/ plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation basil plants with bacterial inoculants mixture containing (A+P1+B2) or (A+P1) under the effect of 75% N dose resulted in the tallest plants bearing the highest number of branches/ plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The two bacterial mixtures increased herb fresh and dry weight relative to controls and other inoculants.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Outcome
- herb fresh and dry weights/ plant and/ fade0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control plants and all other inoculation treatmentse0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased herb fresh and dry weights/ plant and/ fad comparing to control plants and all other inoculation treatments”
t0“basil”
Claim · model-written summary
Both mixtures yielded essential oil percentage and yield at least as high as controls.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- these two the abovementioned inoculation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- essential oil %, essential oil yield/ plant and/ fade0
- Direction
- exceed or equale0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants treated with these two the abovementioned inoculation treatments resulted in essential oil %, essential oil yield/ plant and/ fad statistically exceed or equal to that produced from control plants”
t0“basil”
Claim · model-written summary
75% N plus A+P1 increased beta pinene and camphor percentages.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- 75% N+ (A+P1)e0
- Outcome
- β-pinene and camphor percentagese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“75% N+ (A+P1) treatment increased β-pinene and camphor percentages”
t0“basil”
Claim · model-written summary
75% N plus A+P1+B2 increased linalool percentage.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- 75% N+ (A+ P1+B2)e0
- Outcome
- linalool %e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“75% N+ (A+ P1+B2) treatment increased linalool %”
t0“basil”
Claim · model-written summary
The two treatments decreased methyl chavicol percentage.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- these two treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Methyl-chavicol %e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Methyl-chavicol %, which is described as a carcinogen and limits the application of basil oil in therapy, was decreased under the effect of these two treatments”
t0“basil”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth and yield improvements were associated with increased tissue carbohydrates, N, P and K.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- 75% Ne0
- Outcome
- percentages of total carbohydrates, N, P and K in their tissuese0
- Direction
- increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improvement in plant growth, herb yield and essential oil yield and its properties in plants received 75% N and inoculated with inoculant mixture containing (A+P1) or (A+P1+B2) was associated with increases in percentages of total carbohydrates, N, P and K in their tissues”
t0“basil”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR inoculation reduced rhizosphere dehydrogenase activity.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation with all PGPRe0
- Outcome
- dehydrogenase enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with all PGPR under this study significantly reduced dehydrogenase enzyme activity”
t0“basil”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR inoculation increased rhizosphere nitrogenase activity.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- inoculation with all PGPRe0
- Outcome
- nitrogenase enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with all PGPR under this study significantly reduced dehydrogenase enzyme activity, but significantly increased nitrogenase enzyme activity in the soil rhisosphere of inoculated basil plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that either bacterial mixture can compensate for mineral nitrogen demand and improve basil growth and herb and oil yield.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume0
- Outcome
- compensate the demand of nitrogen mineral fertilization and can improve plant growth, herb yield, essential oil yield and medicinal propertiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of Ocimum basilicum plant with inoculant bacterial mixture containing equal portions of (Azospirillum brasilense + Pseudomonas synxantha) or (Azospirillum brasilense+ Pseudomonas synxantha + Bacillus subtilis 2) can be compensate the demand of nitrogen mineral fertilization and can improve plant growth, herb yield, essential oil yield and medicinal properties”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.