Abstract
Continuous plantation of apple trees (Malus pumila) at the same sites where the same or a closely related species were grown previously leads to poor establishment, reduced growth vigor, and subsequent crop losses; this phenomenon is termed apple replant disease (ARD). Management of ARD is a continual challenge due to (i) restrictions on the use of broad-spectrum soil fumigants, (ii) putative causal agents of ARD can be site-specific, and (iii) more than one causal agent can be present at a site. We conducted an experimental study at two orchard sites to investigate the succession effect of rootstock genotypes on apple tree establishment with three specific objectives: (i) whether ARD in newly planted apple trees is more severe if the same rootstock as the previous one is replanted, (ii) whether trees develop better in the aisle than in original tree stations, and (iii) the extent of association of rootstock genotypes with rhizosphere microbiome in relation to ARD. Tree growth and rhizosphere microbiome were assessed within 30 months of replanting. In one orchard, replanting trees with a rootstock genotype different from the previous one can be effective in reducing ARD development, susceptibility to ARD is likely to be genetically controlled, and replanting trees in the previous grass aisle can reduce ARD development. However, the opposite results were obtained in the other orchard, possibly due to the lack of weed management in the grass aisle affecting tree establishment in the grass aisle. Rhizosphere microbiota associated with specific rootstock genotypes reached a stable state within 7 months of replanting. An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi operational taxonomic unit (OTU) had reduced abundance with ARD trees; however many other OTUs associated with ARD cannot be identified to low taxonomic ranks and hence their roles cannot be easily interpreted. In conclusion, replanting trees with rootstocks that are genetically differently from the previous one can reduce ARD development. However, in adopting this strategy, the extent of genetic relationships among rootstock genotypes needs to be considered.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
At one orchard, changing rootstock genotype reduced apple replant disease.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- rootstock genotype different from the previous onee0
- Outcome
- ARD developmente0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- previous onee0
- Setting
- one orcharde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In one orchard, replanting trees with a rootstock genotype different from the previous one can be effective in reducing ARD development, susceptibility to ARD is likely to be genetically controlled, and replanting trees in the previous grass aisle can reduce ARD development.”
t0“Rotating Apple Rootstock”
Claim · model-written summary
At one orchard, planting in the former grass aisle reduced apple replant disease.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- replanting trees in the previous grass aislee0
- Outcome
- ARD developmente0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Setting
- one orcharde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In one orchard, replanting trees with a rootstock genotype different from the previous one can be effective in reducing ARD development, susceptibility to ARD is likely to be genetically controlled, and replanting trees in the previous grass aisle can reduce ARD development.”
t0“Rotating Apple Rootstock”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer genetic control of apple replant disease susceptibility.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- rootstock genotypee0
- Outcome
- susceptibility to ARDe0
- Qualifier
- likely to be genetically controllede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In one orchard, replanting trees with a rootstock genotype different from the previous one can be effective in reducing ARD development, susceptibility to ARD is likely to be genetically controlled, and replanting trees in the previous grass aisle can reduce ARD development.”
t0“Rotating Apple Rootstock”
Claim · model-written summary
The second orchard showed opposite results, possibly linked to missing weed management in the aisle.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- opposite resultse0
- Qualifier
- possibly due to the lack of weed management in the grass aisle affecting tree establishment in the grass aislee0
- Setting
- other orcharde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the opposite results were obtained in the other orchard, possibly due to the lack of weed management in the grass aisle affecting tree establishment in the grass aisle.”
t0“Rotating Apple Rootstock”
Claim · model-written summary
Rootstock-associated rhizosphere microbiota stabilized within seven months.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- rootstock genotypese0
- Interactor
- Rhizosphere microbiotae0other
- Outcome
- Rhizosphere microbiota associated with specific rootstock genotypes reached a stable statee0
- Value
- 7 monthse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhizosphere microbiota associated with specific rootstock genotypes reached a stable state within 7 months of replanting.”
t0“Rotating Apple Rootstock”
Claim · model-written summary
An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal OTU was less abundant in diseased trees.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi operational taxonomic unit (OTU) had reduced abundancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- ARD treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi operational taxonomic unit (OTU) had reduced abundance with ARD trees; however many other OTUs associated with ARD cannot be identified to low taxonomic ranks and hence their roles cannot be easily interpreted.”
t0“Rotating Apple Rootstock”
Claim · model-written summary
Many ARD-associated OTUs could not be assigned to low taxonomic ranks.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- many other OTUs associated with ARD cannot be identified to low taxonomic rankse0
- Qualifier
- their roles cannot be easily interpretede0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi operational taxonomic unit (OTU) had reduced abundance with ARD trees; however many other OTUs associated with ARD cannot be identified to low taxonomic ranks and hence their roles cannot be easily interpreted.”
t0“Rotating Apple Rootstock”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend considering genetic relationships between rootstocks when rotating them.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- the extent of genetic relationships among rootstock genotypes needs to be considerede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, in adopting this strategy, the extent of genetic relationships among rootstock genotypes needs to be considered.”
t0“Rotating Apple Rootstock”
The same questions in other papers
grafting · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
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See all 41 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.