Abstract
The beneficial association and interaction of rhizocompetent microorganism are widely used for plant biofertilization and amelioration of stress-induced damages in plants. To explore the regulatory mechanism involved in plant defense while associating with beneficial microbial species, and their interplay when co-inoculated with pathogen, we evaluated the response of tomato defense-related WRKY gene transcripts. The present study was carried out to examine the qRT–PCR-based relative quantification of differently expressed defence-related genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.; variety S-22) primed with Trichoderma erinaceum against the vascular wilt pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.lycopersici). The tissue specific and time bound expression profile changes revealed highest upregulation was observed in transcript profile of SlWRKY31(root) and SlWRKY37(leaf) in T. erinaceum bioprimed treated plants at 24 hrs with 16.51- and 14.07- fold increase respectively. In contrast, SlWRKY4 showed downregulation with highest repression in T.erinaceum bioprimed root (24 hrs) and leaf (48 hrs) tissue samples with 0.03 and 0.08 fold decrease respectively. Qualitative expression of PR proteins (chitinases and glucanases) was found elicited in T.erinaceum primed plants. However, the antioxidative activity of tomato Superoxide dismutase and catalase increased with highest upregulation of SOD and GPX1 in Fol+ T.erinaceum treatments. We observed that these expression changes were accompanied by 32.06% lesser H2O2 production in T. erinaceum bioprimed samples. The aggravated defense response in all the treated conditions was also reflected by an increased lignified tissue. Overall, we conclude that T. erinaceum biopriming modulated the defense transcriptome of tomato following the Fol challenged conditions, and were accompanied by enhanced accumulation of defense-related WRKY transcripts, increased antioxidative enzyme activities and the reinforcements through a higher number of lignified cell layers.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
SlWRKY31 root transcripts increased 16.51-fold at 24 hours in T. erinaceum-bioprimed tomato.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- T. erinaceum bioprimede0
- Interactor
- T. erinaceumTrichoderma erinaceume0biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- SlWRKY31e0
- Outcome
- transcript profilee0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
- Value
- 16.51-e0
- Qualifier
- 24 hrse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest upregulation was observed in transcript profile of SlWRKY31(root) and SlWRKY37(leaf) in T. erinaceum bioprimed treated plants at 24 hrs with 16.51- and 14.07- fold increase respectively”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SlWRKY37 leaf transcripts increased 14.07-fold at 24 hours in T. erinaceum-bioprimed tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- T. erinaceum bioprimede0
- Interactor
- T. erinaceumTrichoderma erinaceume0biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- SlWRKY37e0
- Outcome
- transcript profilee0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
- Value
- 14.07- folde0
- Qualifier
- 24 hrse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest upregulation was observed in transcript profile of SlWRKY31(root) and SlWRKY37(leaf) in T. erinaceum bioprimed treated plants at 24 hrs with 16.51- and 14.07- fold increase respectively”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SlWRKY4 showed its greatest repression in bioprimed roots at 24 hours, with a 0.03-fold decrease.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- T.erinaceum bioprimede0
- Interactor
- T.erinaceumTrichoderma erinaceume0biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- SlWRKY4e0
- Outcome
- repressione0
- Direction
- downregulatione0
- Value
- 0.03e0
- Qualifier
- 24 hrse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlWRKY4 showed downregulation with highest repression in T.erinaceum bioprimed root (24 hrs) and leaf (48 hrs) tissue samples with 0.03 and 0.08 fold decrease respectively”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SlWRKY4 showed its greatest repression in bioprimed leaves at 48 hours, with a 0.08-fold decrease.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- T.erinaceum bioprimede0
- Interactor
- T.erinaceumTrichoderma erinaceume0biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- SlWRKY4e0
- Outcome
- repressione0
- Direction
- downregulatione0
- Value
- 0.08 folde0
- Qualifier
- 48 hrse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlWRKY4 showed downregulation with highest repression in T.erinaceum bioprimed root (24 hrs) and leaf (48 hrs) tissue samples with 0.03 and 0.08 fold decrease respectively”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming elicited qualitative expression of chitinases and glucanases in tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T.erinaceum primede0
- Interactor
- T.erinaceumTrichoderma erinaceume0biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- PR proteins (chitinases and glucanases)e0
- Outcome
- Qualitative expressione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Qualitative expression of PR proteins (chitinases and glucanases) was found elicited in T.erinaceum primed plants”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato superoxide dismutase and catalase antioxidative activity increased.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- T.erinaceum primede1
- Interactor
- T.erinaceumTrichoderma erinaceume1biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- Superoxide dismutase and catalasee0
- Outcome
- antioxidative activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the antioxidative activity of tomato Superoxide dismutase and catalase increased”
e1“T.erinaceum primed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD and GPX1 showed highest upregulation with combined Fol and T.erinaceum treatment.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Fol+ T.erinaceum treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Fole0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T.erinaceumTrichoderma erinaceume0biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- SOD and GPX1e0
- Outcome
- upregulatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest upregulation of SOD and GPX1 in Fol+ T.erinaceum treatments”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioprimed tomato samples produced 32.06% less H2O2.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T. erinaceum bioprimede0
- Interactor
- T. erinaceumTrichoderma erinaceume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- H2O2 productione0
- Direction
- lessere0
- Value
- 32.06%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“32.06% lesser H2O2 production in T. erinaceum bioprimed samples”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
All treated tomato conditions showed increased lignified tissue and more lignified cell layers.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- all the treated conditionse0
- Outcome
- lignified tissuee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- a higher number of lignified cell layerse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aggravated defense response in all the treated conditions was also reflected by an increased lignified tissue”
e1“a higher number of lignified cell layers”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that T. erinaceum biopriming modulates tomato defense transcripts following Fol challenge.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- T. erinaceum biopriminge0
- Interactor
- Fole0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. erinaceumTrichoderma erinaceume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- defense transcriptomee0
- Qualifier
- following the Fol challenged conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. erinaceum biopriming modulated the defense transcriptome of tomato following the Fol challenged conditions”
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