Abstract
The phytotoxic effect of culture filtrates of selected fungal pathogens on the morphology and anatomy of different tomato cultivars was evaluated in this study. Four tomato cultivars namely; Roma Savanna, Riogrande, Roma VF and Tropimech were treated with 21 days old culture filtrates of fungal pathogens namely; Alternaria triglochinicola, Aureobasidium pullulans, Pythium ultimum and Sclerotium rolfsii grown on Potato Sucrose Broth (PSB). These fungal filtrates were extracted using water, dichloromethane (DCM) and ethylacetate (EA). Healthy leaves excised from two months old tomato plants were inoculated by dipping their petioles in 20ml of each fungal filtrate for 3 days and observed for the appearance of disease symptoms. A. pullulans accounted for the highest necrotic and chlorotic leaf tissue area on all the studied tomato cultivars. The aqueous extracts were more biologically active, inducing the highest occurrence of mean total leaf necrosis (14.69%) and chlorosis (57.21%), compared to ethyl acetate (6.04% necrosis and 7.03% chlorosis) and dichloromethane (6.57% necrosis and 4.02% chlorosis). Filtrate extracts of A. pullulans showed significantly higher negative effect (P≤0.05) on anatomical features such as the thickness of epidermis, cortex and diameter of the vascular bundle of all the tomato cultivars. Further isolation and identification of phytotoxic compounds synthesized by the studied fungi are required for a better understanding of their mechanisms of disease initiation and yield reduction.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Culture filtrate of A. pullulans caused the highest necrotic and chlorotic leaf tissue area among the tested fungal filtrates on all tomato cultivars.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- culture filtratese0
- Interactor
- A. pullulans
Aureobasidium pullulanse1pathogen - Outcome
- necrotic and chlorotic leaf tissue areae1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- Alternaria triglochinicola, Aureobasidium pullulans, Pythium ultimum and Sclerotium rolfsiie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four tomato cultivars namely; Roma Savanna, Riogrande, Roma VF and Tropimech were treated with 21 days old culture filtrates of fungal pathogens namely; Alternaria triglochinicola, Aureobasidium pullulans, Pythium ultimum and Sclerotium rolfsii grown on Potato Sucrose Broth (PSB)”
e1“A. pullulans accounted for the highest necrotic and chlorotic leaf tissue area on all the studied tomato cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous extracts caused the highest mean total leaf necrosis (14.69%) on tomato, more than ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extracts.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- aqueous extractse2
- Outcome
- mean total leaf necrosise2
- Direction
- highest occurrencee2
- Value
- 14.69%e2
- Comparator
- ethyl acetatee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four tomato cultivars namely; Roma Savanna, Riogrande, Roma VF and Tropimech were treated with 21 days old culture filtrates of fungal pathogens namely; Alternaria triglochinicola, Aureobasidium pullulans, Pythium ultimum and Sclerotium rolfsii grown on Potato Sucrose Broth (PSB)”
e2“The aqueous extracts were more biologically active, inducing the highest occurrence of mean total leaf necrosis (14.69%) and chlorosis (57.21%), compared to ethyl acetate (6.04% necrosis and 7.03% chlorosis) and dichloromethane (6.57% necrosis and 4.02% chlorosis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous extracts caused the highest mean total leaf chlorosis (57.21%) on tomato, more than ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extracts.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- aqueous extractse2
- Outcome
- chlorosise2
- Direction
- highest occurrencee2
- Value
- 57.21%e2
- Comparator
- ethyl acetatee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four tomato cultivars namely; Roma Savanna, Riogrande, Roma VF and Tropimech were treated with 21 days old culture filtrates of fungal pathogens namely; Alternaria triglochinicola, Aureobasidium pullulans, Pythium ultimum and Sclerotium rolfsii grown on Potato Sucrose Broth (PSB)”
e2“The aqueous extracts were more biologically active, inducing the highest occurrence of mean total leaf necrosis (14.69%) and chlorosis (57.21%), compared to ethyl acetate (6.04% necrosis and 7.03% chlorosis) and dichloromethane (6.57% necrosis and 4.02% chlorosis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Filtrate extracts of A. pullulans significantly reduced anatomical features of tomato (epidermis and cortex thickness, vascular bundle diameter) relative to the other filtrates.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- Filtrate extracts of A. pullulanse3
- Interactor
- A. pullulansAureobasidium pullulanse3pathogen
- Outcome
- anatomical features such as the thickness of epidermis, cortex and diameter of the vascular bundlee3
- Direction
- highere3
- Qualifier
- P≤0.05e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Filtrate extracts of A. pullulans showed significantly higher negative effect (P≤0.05) on anatomical features such as the thickness of epidermis, cortex and diameter of the vascular bundle of all the tomato cultivars”
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