Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating necrotrophic pathogen that infects multiple crops, and its control is an unremitting challenge. In this work, we attempted to gain insights into the pivotal role of lipopeptides (LPs) in the antifungal activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens EZ1509. In a comparative study involving five Bacillus strains, B. amyloliquefaciens EZ1509 harboring four LPs biosynthetic genes (viz. surfactin, iturin, fengycin, and bacilysin) exhibited promising antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum in a dual-culture assay. Our data demonstrated a remarkable upsurge in LPs biosynthetic gene expression through quantitative reverse transcription PCR during in vitro interaction assay with S. sclerotiorum. Maximum upregulation in LPs biosynthetic genes was observed on the second and third days of in vitro interaction, with iturin and fengycin being the highly expressed genes. Subsequently, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of LPs in the inhibition zone. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed disintegration, shrinkage, plasmolysis, and breakdown of fungal hyphae. During in planta evaluation, S. sclerotiorum previously challenged with EZ1509 showed significant suppression in pathogenicity on detached leaves of tobacco and rapeseed. The oxalic acid synthesis was also significantly reduced in S. sclerotiorum previously confronted with antagonistic bacterium. The expression of major virulence genes of S. sclerotiorum, including endopolygalacturonase-3, oxalic acid hydrolase, and endopolygalacturonase-6, was significantly downregulated during in vitro confrontation with EZ1509.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of Bacillus lipopeptide biosynthetic genes rose markedly during in vitro interaction with S. sclerotiorum.
- Taxon
- tobacco and rapeseede1
- Treatment
- in vitro interaction assay with S. sclerotiorume2
- Interactor
- B. amyloliquefaciens EZ1509
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Bacillus amyloliquefaciense3biocontrol_agent - Second interactor
- S. sclerotiorum
Sclerotinia sclerotiorume2pathogen - Outcome
- LPs biosynthetic gene expressione2
- Direction
- upsurgee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“detached leaves of tobacco and rapeseed”
e2“Our data demonstrated a remarkable upsurge in LPs biosynthetic gene expression through quantitative reverse transcription PCR during in vitro interaction assay with S. sclerotiorum”
e3“B. amyloliquefaciens EZ1509 harboring four LPs biosynthetic genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum upregulation of lipopeptide biosynthetic genes occurred on the second and third days of in vitro interaction.
Verbatim
e1“detached leaves of tobacco and rapeseed”
e4“Maximum upregulation in LPs biosynthetic genes was observed on the second and third days of in vitro interaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Iturin and fengycin were the most highly expressed lipopeptide biosynthetic genes.
Verbatim
e1“detached leaves of tobacco and rapeseed”
e5“with iturin and fengycin being the highly expressed genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipopeptides were confirmed present in the inhibition zone by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
Verbatim
e1“detached leaves of tobacco and rapeseed”
e6“Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of LPs in the inhibition zone”
Claim · model-written summary
EZ1509 showed promising antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum in dual culture, compared with four other Bacillus strains.
- Taxon
- tobacco and rapeseede1
- Interactor
- B. amyloliquefaciens EZ1509Bacillus amyloliquefaciense2biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- S. sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume2pathogen
- Outcome
- antifungal activitye2
- Comparator
- five Bacillus strainse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“detached leaves of tobacco and rapeseed”
e2“B. amyloliquefaciens EZ1509 harboring four LPs biosynthetic genes (viz. surfactin, iturin, fengycin, and bacilysin) exhibited promising antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum in a dual-culture assay”
e3“In a comparative study involving five Bacillus strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Scanning electron microscopy showed that lipopeptide-exposed fungal hyphae disintegrated, shrank, plasmolysed and broke down.
Verbatim
e1“detached leaves of tobacco and rapeseed”
e2“Scanning electron microscope analysis showed disintegration, shrinkage, plasmolysis, and breakdown of fungal hyphae”
Claim · model-written summary
S. sclerotiorum previously challenged with EZ1509 showed significantly suppressed pathogenicity on detached tobacco and rapeseed leaves.
- Taxon
- tobacco and rapeseede1
- Treatment
- previously challenged with EZ1509e1
- Interactor
- S. sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume1pathogen
- Second interactor
- EZ1509e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- pathogenicitye1
- Direction
- suppressione1
- Setting
- in plantae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“During in planta evaluation, S. sclerotiorum previously challenged with EZ1509 showed significant suppression in pathogenicity on detached leaves of tobacco and rapeseed”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalic acid synthesis by S. sclerotiorum was significantly reduced after confrontation with the antagonistic bacterium.
- Taxon
- tobacco and rapeseede1
- Treatment
- previously confronted with antagonistic bacteriume2
- Interactor
- S. sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume2pathogen
- Outcome
- oxalic acid synthesise2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“detached leaves of tobacco and rapeseed”
e2“The oxalic acid synthesis was also significantly reduced in S. sclerotiorum previously confronted with antagonistic bacterium”
Claim · model-written summary
Major virulence genes of S. sclerotiorum were significantly downregulated during in vitro confrontation with EZ1509.
- Taxon
- tobacco and rapeseede1
- Treatment
- in vitro confrontation with EZ1509e2
- Interactor
- S. sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume2pathogen
- Second interactor
- EZ1509e2biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- endopolygalacturonase-3, oxalic acid hydrolase, and endopolygalacturonase-6e2
- Outcome
- major virulence genes of S. sclerotiorume2
- Direction
- downregulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“detached leaves of tobacco and rapeseed”
e2“The expression of major virulence genes of S. sclerotiorum, including endopolygalacturonase-3, oxalic acid hydrolase, and endopolygalacturonase-6, was significantly downregulated during in vitro confrontation with EZ1509”
The same questions in other papers
infection · Sclerotinia sclerotiorum · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
in vitro · Sclerotinia sclerotiorum · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.