Abstract
Benzoxazinoid (Bx) metabolites produced by wheat and other members of the Poaceae have activity against Fusarium sp. that cause cereal diseases including Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat and barley. Certain Bx metabolites can be detoxified by Fusarium sp. with the arylamine N-acetyltransferase NAT1. Investigation of this pathway may reveal strategies for increasing FHB resistance, such as selection for higher levels of Bx metabolites within existing germplasm and/or engineering fungal susceptibility via host induced silencing of NAT1. We assessed the reactions of fifteen wheat cultivars or breeding lines adapted to the Northwestern United States to infection with F. graminearum Δnat1 mutants that should be sensitive to Bx metabolites. Significant differences were noted in disease severity and deoxynivalenol (DON) among the cultivars 21 d after inoculation with either mutant or wildtype (PH1) strains. Mutant vs. wildtype strains did not result in significant variation for infection severity (as measured by % infected florets), but inoculation with Δnat1 mutants vs. wildtype resulted in significantly lower DON concentrations in mature kernels (p < 0.0001). Of the cultivars tested, HRS3419 was the most resistant cultivar to PH1 (severity = 62%, DON = 45 ppm) and Δnat1 mutants (severity = 61%, DON = 30 ppm). The cultivar most susceptible to infection was Kelse with PH1 (severity = 100%, DON = 292 ppm) and Δnat1 mutants (severity = 100%, DON = 158 ppm). We hypothesized that sub-lethal Bx metabolite levels may suppress DON production in F. graminearum Δnat1 mutants. In vitro assays of Bx metabolites BOA, MBOA, and DIMBOA at 30 μM did not affect growth, but did reduce DON production by Δnat1 and PH1. Although the levels of Bx metabolites are likely too low in the wheat cultivars we tested to suppress FHB, higher levels of Bx metabolites may contribute towards reductions in DON and FHB.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Disease severity and DON differed significantly among wheat cultivars after inoculation.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- cultivarse0
- Interactor
- F. graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume1pathogen - Outcome
- disease severity and deoxynivalenol (DON)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Significant differences were noted in disease severity and deoxynivalenol (DON) among the cultivars 21 d after inoculation with either mutant or wildtype (PH1) strains”
e1“infection with F. graminearum Δnat1 mutants that should be sensitive to Bx metabolites”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutant and wildtype inoculations did not differ significantly in infected florets.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Mutante0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- % infected floretse0
- Direction
- did not result in significant variatione0
- Comparator
- wildtype strainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mutant vs. wildtype strains did not result in significant variation for infection severity (as measured by % infected florets)”
e1“infection with F. graminearum Δnat1 mutants”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The Δnat1 mutant lowered DON concentration in mature wheat kernels relative to wildtype.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation with Δnat1 mutantse0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- DON concentrations in mature kernelse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- wildtypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with Δnat1 mutants vs. wildtype resulted in significantly lower DON concentrations in mature kernels (p < 0.0001)”
e1“infection with F. graminearum Δnat1 mutants”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
HRS3419 was the most resistant cultivar to PH1, with 62% severity and 45 ppm DON.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- HRS3419e0
- Interactor
- PH1e0pathogen
- Outcome
- severitye0
- Direction
- most resistante0
- Value
- 62%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HRS3419 was the most resistant cultivar to PH1 (severity = 62%, DON = 45 ppm)”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
HRS3419 had 30 ppm DON with Δnat1 mutants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- HRS3419e0
- Interactor
- Δnat1 mutantse0pathogen
- Outcome
- DONe0
- Value
- 30 ppme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HRS3419 was the most resistant cultivar to PH1 (severity = 62%, DON = 45 ppm) and Δnat1 mutants (severity = 61%, DON = 30 ppm)”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Kelse was most susceptible with PH1, reaching 100% severity and 292 ppm DON.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Kelsee0
- Interactor
- PH1e0pathogen
- Outcome
- severitye0
- Direction
- most susceptiblee0
- Value
- 100%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cultivar most susceptible to infection was Kelse with PH1 (severity = 100%, DON = 292 ppm)”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Kelse had 158 ppm DON under Δnat1 mutant inoculation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Kelsee0
- Interactor
- Δnat1 mutantse0pathogen
- Outcome
- DONe0
- Value
- 158 ppme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kelse with PH1 (severity = 100%, DON = 292 ppm) and Δnat1 mutants (severity = 100%, DON = 158 ppm)”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bx metabolites at 30 μM did not affect fungal growth in vitro.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Bx metabolites BOA, MBOA, and DIMBOA at 30 μMe0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro assays of Bx metabolites BOA, MBOA, and DIMBOA at 30 μM did not affect growth”
e1“DON production in F. graminearum Δnat1 mutants”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bx metabolites at 30 μM reduced fungal DON production in Δnat1 and PH1 strains in vitro.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Bx metabolites BOA, MBOA, and DIMBOA at 30 μMe0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- DON production by Δnat1 and PH1e0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro assays of Bx metabolites BOA, MBOA, and DIMBOA at 30 μM did not affect growth, but did reduce DON production by Δnat1 and PH1”
e1“DON production in F. graminearum Δnat1 mutants”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Bx metabolite levels may reduce DON and FHB.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearumt1pathogen
- Compound
- Bx metabolitese0
- Outcome
- reductions in DON and FHBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher levels of Bx metabolites may contribute towards reductions in DON and FHB”
t0“spring wheat”
t1“Fusarium graminearum”
The same questions in other papers
metabolite · Fusarium graminearum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.