Abstract
The use of environmental and sustainable ornamental flower production practices with renewable resources has drawn worldwide interest. One of these renewable resources is vermicompost (earthworm castings). In recent years, increasing demand for improving environmental quality have focused on the importance of Plant Growth Promotion Bacteria (PGPBs) in agriculture. Vermicomposts also help microbial agents function effectively in soil. In this study, a total of six treatments [A: PGPB formulation, B: Not autoclaved vermicompost, C: Autoclaved vermicompost, D: Not autoclaved vermicompost+PGPBs, E: Autoclaved vermicompost+PGPBs, F: Control (untreated bacteria and vermicompost)] were tested for their effects on the plant growth and development parameters in gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L. ‘Red Beauty’) in greenhouse condition. Vermicompost was added to the related pots by dissolving in water. After the addition of vermicompost, PGPB formulation was given immediately to related pots. All the treatments were applied to soil once in three leaf stage, close to the plant root zone. Parameters in terms of yield and quality attributes of plant and corm were determined and analyzed. The treatment A increased in plant height of gladiolus of 24.55% rate. The earliest times to flowering was determined in E application (100.48 day), which also increased in corm diameter with rate of 17.41% and number of corms and cormels with rate of 151.83% according to F application. Results indicated that the treatment E promoted overall better performance as compared to other treatments diameter of flowers for number of leaves per plant, number of florets per spike, stem diameter, spike length, fresh and dry weight of flowers, the number and diameter of corm. Autoclaved vermicompost can be good choice in gladiolus cultivation but it should be enriched with PGPB.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB formulation increased gladiolus height by 24.55%.
- Treatment
- PGPB formulatione1
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24.55%e0
- Comparator
- Control (untreated bacteria and vermicompost)e2
GladiolusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment A increased in plant height of gladiolus of 24.55% rate.”
e1“A: PGPB formulation, B: Not autoclaved vermicompost”
e2“F: Control (untreated bacteria and vermicompost)”
Claim · model-written summary
Autoclaved vermicompost plus PGPBs gave the earliest flowering at 100.48 day.
- Treatment
- Autoclaved vermicompost+PGPBse1
- Outcome
- times to floweringe0
- Direction
- earlieste0
- Value
- 100.48 daye0
- Comparator
- Control (untreated bacteria and vermicompost)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The earliest times to flowering was determined in E application (100.48 day)”
e1“E: Autoclaved vermicompost+PGPBs, F: Control (untreated bacteria and vermicompost)”
t0“gladiolus”
Claim · model-written summary
Autoclaved vermicompost plus PGPBs increased corm diameter by 17.41% relative to F.
- Treatment
- Autoclaved vermicompost+PGPBse1
- Outcome
- corm diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17.41%e0
- Comparator
- Control (untreated bacteria and vermicompost)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which also increased in corm diameter with rate of 17.41%”
e1“E: Autoclaved vermicompost+PGPBs, F: Control (untreated bacteria and vermicompost)”
t0“gladiolus”
Claim · model-written summary
Autoclaved vermicompost plus PGPBs increased corm and cormel number by 151.83% relative to F.
- Treatment
- Autoclaved vermicompost+PGPBse1
- Outcome
- number of corms and cormelse0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 151.83%e0
- Comparator
- F applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“number of corms and cormels with rate of 151.83% according to F application”
e1“E: Autoclaved vermicompost+PGPBs, F: Control (untreated bacteria and vermicompost)”
t0“gladiolus”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment E gave better overall flower and corm performance than other treatments.
- Treatment
- Autoclaved vermicompost+PGPBse1
- Outcome
- overall better performancee0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatment E promoted overall better performance as compared to other treatments diameter of flowers for number of leaves per plant, number of florets per spike, stem diameter, spike length, fresh and dry weight of flowers, the number and diameter of corm”
e1“E: Autoclaved vermicompost+PGPBs”
t0“gladiolus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend enriching autoclaved vermicompost with PGPB for gladiolus cultivation.
- Outcome
- Autoclaved vermicompost can be good choice in gladiolus cultivation but it should be enriched with PGPBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autoclaved vermicompost can be good choice in gladiolus cultivation but it should be enriched with PGPB.”
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