Abstract
Many insect pests including the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) which has a known history of developing resistance to many pesticides, are believed to be able to develop that resistance as a result of a continuous and repeated use of pesticides with similar modes of action and or active ingredients. In nature however, plants would have been extinct; but plants produce compounds with toxicity to a wide variety of potential herbivores (Bush et al., 1997). Plants under attack release a cocktail of volatile compounds that act as cues for these allies, which then attack, consume and reduce the populations of herbivores (De Moraes et al., 1998). The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the feeding and anti-feeding effects of Azadirachta indica, Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium and Quassia amara extracts (Azadirachtin, Pyrethrin and Quassin, respectively) and their mixtures on diamondback moth larvae. Larvae were fed with cabbage leaf disks treated with the various extracts. Mortality and leaf area consumed by larvae were recorded after 24 h of larval exposure to the treated leaves. Results revealed varying level of feeding and anti-feedant effects among all the formulations. Formulations with the highest concentration resulted in an increased feeding and anti-feedant effect in terms of larval mortality and feeding area. The most effective anti-feedant effect was recorded by the Pyrethrin, and Azadirachtin + Pyrethrin mixture (with a 1.0% feeding area each), followed by Azadirachtin + Pyrethrin + Quassin mixture and Pyrethrin + Quassin mixture with 2 and 3% feeding area, respectively. Pyrethrin, Azadirachtin + Pyrethrin and Azadirachtin + Pyrethrin + Quassin extracts combinations on the other hand recorded 50, 40 and 50% total larval mortality, respectively.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Higher extract concentrations increased the reported feeding and antifeedant response in larval mortality and feeding area.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae1 - Treatment
- Formulations with the highest concentratione0
- Outcome
- larval mortality and feeding areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Formulations with the highest concentration resulted in an increased feeding and anti-feedant effect in terms of larval mortality and feeding area.”
e1“cabbage leaf disks”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrethrin yielded 1.0% feeding area, the lowest reported.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- Pyrethrine0
- Interactor
- diamondback moth
Plutella xylostellae2pest - Outcome
- feeding areae0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Value
- 1.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective anti-feedant effect was recorded by the Pyrethrin, and Azadirachtin + Pyrethrin mixture (with a 1.0% feeding area each)”
e1“cabbage leaf disks”
e2“diamondback moth larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachtin plus Pyrethrin yielded 1.0% feeding area, the lowest reported.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- Azadirachtin + Pyrethrin mixturee0
- Interactor
- diamondback mothPlutella xylostellae2pest
- Outcome
- feeding areae0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Value
- 1.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective anti-feedant effect was recorded by the Pyrethrin, and Azadirachtin + Pyrethrin mixture (with a 1.0% feeding area each)”
e1“cabbage leaf disks”
e2“diamondback moth larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachtin, Pyrethrin and Quassin mixture yielded 2% feeding area.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- Azadirachtin + Pyrethrin + Quassin mixturee0
- Interactor
- diamondback mothPlutella xylostellae2pest
- Outcome
- feeding areae0
- Value
- 2e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azadirachtin + Pyrethrin + Quassin mixture and Pyrethrin + Quassin mixture with 2 and 3% feeding area, respectively”
e1“cabbage leaf disks”
e2“diamondback moth larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrethrin plus Quassin yielded 3% feeding area.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- Pyrethrin + Quassin mixturee0
- Interactor
- diamondback mothPlutella xylostellae2pest
- Outcome
- feeding areae0
- Value
- 3%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azadirachtin + Pyrethrin + Quassin mixture and Pyrethrin + Quassin mixture with 2 and 3% feeding area, respectively”
e1“cabbage leaf disks”
e2“diamondback moth larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrethrin produced 50% total larval mortality.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- Pyrethrine0
- Interactor
- diamondback mothPlutella xylostellae2pest
- Outcome
- total larval mortalitye0
- Value
- 50e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyrethrin, Azadirachtin + Pyrethrin and Azadirachtin + Pyrethrin + Quassin extracts combinations on the other hand recorded 50, 40 and 50% total larval mortality, respectively.”
e1“cabbage leaf disks”
e2“diamondback moth larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachtin plus Pyrethrin produced 40% total larval mortality.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- Azadirachtin + Pyrethrine0
- Interactor
- diamondback mothPlutella xylostellae2pest
- Outcome
- total larval mortalitye0
- Value
- 40e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyrethrin, Azadirachtin + Pyrethrin and Azadirachtin + Pyrethrin + Quassin extracts combinations on the other hand recorded 50, 40 and 50% total larval mortality, respectively.”
e1“cabbage leaf disks”
e2“diamondback moth larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachtin, Pyrethrin and Quassin produced 50% total larval mortality.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- Azadirachtin + Pyrethrin + Quassin extracts combinationse0
- Interactor
- diamondback mothPlutella xylostellae2pest
- Outcome
- total larval mortalitye0
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyrethrin, Azadirachtin + Pyrethrin and Azadirachtin + Pyrethrin + Quassin extracts combinations on the other hand recorded 50, 40 and 50% total larval mortality, respectively.”
e1“cabbage leaf disks”
e2“diamondback moth larvae”
The same questions in other papers
azadirachtin · Plutella xylostella · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →botanical · Plutella xylostella · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
22 papers more in this group
See all 26 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.