Abstract
The interaction between cadmium- a toxic metal and zinc- an essential micronutrient was investigated in influencing the activity of various antioxidant enzymes and related metabolites in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Higher levels of cadmium (Cd) stimulate the activity of potential enzymes like ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) accompanied by the buildup of non-enzymatic metabolites, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline due to rise in oxidative stress of plants. Also, the reduced activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbic acid (AsA) content was based upon Cd treatment levels. Application of zinc (Zn) combination enhances the activity of enzymes like APX, GR, CAT and SOD in Cd treatments, also confirmed with the depleted levels of H2O2. Zn alone treatment had no significant effect on the activity of such enzymes indicating the toxicity owing to Cd treatments only. The accumulation behavior of other non-enzymatic metabolites like MDA, proline and ascorbic acid also get reversed with metal combination treatment. Moreover, the efficacy of Zn was more when applied in higher concentrations with low Cd. Thus, Zn plays a key role in plants to counter heavy metal stress by elevating antioxidative defense with higher activity of enzymes and reduced levels of non-enzymatic metabolites, and efficacy of Zn in combination is dose dependent.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Higher cadmium levels stimulated the activity of ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Higher levels of cadmium (Cd)e1
- Outcome
- activity of potential enzymes like ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD)e1
- Direction
- stimulatee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e1“Higher levels of cadmium (Cd) stimulate the activity of potential enzymes like ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher cadmium levels were accompanied by a buildup of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and proline in soybean due to rising oxidative stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- non-enzymatic metabolites, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and prolinee1
- Direction
- buildupe1
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e1“accompanied by the buildup of non-enzymatic metabolites, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd treatment reduced the activity of catalase and glutathione reductase and the ascorbic acid content in soybean, depending on Cd level.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Cd treatment levelse1
- Outcome
- activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbic acid (AsA) contente1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e1“the reduced activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbic acid (AsA) content was based upon Cd treatment levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying zinc together with Cd enhanced the activity of APX, GR and CAT in Cd-treated soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Application of zinc (Zn) combinatione1
- Outcome
- activity of enzymes like APX, GR, CATe1
- Direction
- enhancese1
- Comparator
- Cd treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e1“Application of zinc (Zn) combination enhances the activity of enzymes like APX, GR, CAT and SOD in Cd treatments, also confirmed with the depleted levels of H2O2”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying zinc together with Cd enhanced SOD activity in Cd-treated soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Application of zinc (Zn) combinatione1
- Outcome
- SODe1
- Direction
- enhancese1
- Comparator
- Cd treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e1“Application of zinc (Zn) combination enhances the activity of enzymes like APX, GR, CAT and SOD in Cd treatments, also confirmed with the depleted levels of H2O2”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc combined with Cd depleted H2O2 levels in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Application of zinc (Zn) combinatione1
- Outcome
- levels of H2O2e1
- Direction
- depletede1
- Comparator
- Cd treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e1“Application of zinc (Zn) combination enhances the activity of enzymes like APX, GR, CAT and SOD in Cd treatments, also confirmed with the depleted levels of H2O2”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn alone had no significant effect on the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Zn alone treatmente1
- Outcome
- activity of such enzymese1
- Direction
- no significant effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e1“Zn alone treatment had no significant effect on the activity of such enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
The accumulation of malondialdehyde, proline and ascorbic acid was reversed with the metal combination treatment in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- metal combination treatmente1
- Outcome
- accumulation behavior of other non-enzymatic metabolites like MDA, proline and ascorbic acide1
- Direction
- reversede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e1“The accumulation behavior of other non-enzymatic metabolites like MDA, proline and ascorbic acid also get reversed with metal combination treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The efficacy of Zn was greater when applied in higher concentrations with low Cd in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- applied in higher concentrations with low Cde1
- Outcome
- efficacy of Zne1
- Direction
- moree1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e1“the efficacy of Zn was more when applied in higher concentrations with low Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that Zn plays a key role in countering heavy metal stress in soybean by elevating antioxidative defense.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Compound
- Zne1
- Outcome
- heavy metal stresse1
- Qualifier
- elevating antioxidative defensee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e1“Zn plays a key role in plants to counter heavy metal stress by elevating antioxidative defense”
The same questions in other papers
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4 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.