Paper · 1973 · Weed Science

Enhanced Phytotoxicity of Atrazine-Phosphate Combinations

C. F. Stolp; Donald Penner

13
claims
17
verbatim quotes
10
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seedlings grown in the greenhouse in a Wisner loam soil showed a greater reduction in plant growth from an application of 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)- s -triazine (atrazine) if fertilized with 224 kg/ha of P 2 O 5 . This interaction was not observed in tolerant corn ( Zea mays L.) seedlings in any of the four soils studied. The injury in sand culture of high levels of atrazine to soybean, corn, pea ( Pisum sativum L.), and sorghum ( Sorghum vulgare L.) seedlings increased when high levels of P (phosphorus) were present. The high level of P did not increase atrazine uptake, and in corn atrazine did not increase 32 P uptake. Plants receiving the atrazine-phosphate combination exhibited a higher rate of respiration providing a possible basis for the observed interaction. The high rate of P application slightly reduced atrazine metabolism by corn and pea but not by soybean and sorghum.

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Claims 13

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Phosphorus fertilization increased atrazine associated growth reduction in soybean.

Taxon
SoybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment
224 kg/ha of P 2 O 5e0
Outcome
plant growthe0
Direction
greater reductione0
Comparator
an application of 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)- s -triazine (atrazine)e0
Setting
greenhousee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seedlings grown in the greenhouse in a Wisner loam soil showed a greater reduction in plant growth from an application of 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)- s -triazine (atrazine) if fertilized with 224 kg/ha of P 2 O 5 .”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–264 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Phosphate did not enhance atrazine growth injury in tolerant corn across four soils.

Treatment
interactione0
Outcome
interactione0
Direction
not observede0
Qualifier
any of the four soils studiede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“This interaction was not observed in tolerant corn ( Zea mays L.) seedlings in any of the four soils studied.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 265–374 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High phosphorus increased atrazine injury in soybean seedlings.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment
high levels of P (phosphorus)e0
Outcome
injurye0
Direction
increasede0
Comparator
high levels of atrazinee0
Setting
sand culturee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The injury in sand culture of high levels of atrazine to soybean, corn, pea ( Pisum sativum L.), and sorghum ( Sorghum vulgare L.) seedlings increased when high levels of P (phosphorus) were present.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 375–574 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High phosphorus increased atrazine injury in corn seedlings.

Treatment
high levels of P (phosphorus)e0
Outcome
injurye0
Direction
increasede0
Comparator
high levels of atrazinee0
Setting
sand culturee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The injury in sand culture of high levels of atrazine to soybean, corn, pea ( Pisum sativum L.), and sorghum ( Sorghum vulgare L.) seedlings increased when high levels of P (phosphorus) were present.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 375–574 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High phosphorus increased atrazine injury in pea seedlings.

Treatment
high levels of P (phosphorus)e0
Outcome
injurye0
Direction
increasede0
Comparator
high levels of atrazinee0
Setting
sand culturee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lathyrus oleraceus
Lathyrus oleraceus · TaxonRenee Comet (photographer) AV Number: AV-9400-4164 · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The injury in sand culture of high levels of atrazine to soybean, corn, pea ( Pisum sativum L.), and sorghum ( Sorghum vulgare L.) seedlings increased when high levels of P (phosphorus) were present.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 375–574 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High phosphorus increased atrazine injury in sorghum seedlings.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume0
Treatment
high levels of P (phosphorus)e0
Outcome
injurye0
Direction
increasede0
Comparator
high levels of atrazinee0
Setting
sand culturee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The injury in sand culture of high levels of atrazine to soybean, corn, pea ( Pisum sativum L.), and sorghum ( Sorghum vulgare L.) seedlings increased when high levels of P (phosphorus) were present.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 375–574 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High phosphorus did not increase atrazine uptake.

Taxon
SoybeanGlycine maxe1
Treatment
high level of Pe0
Outcome
atrazine uptakee0
Direction
did not increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The high level of P did not increase atrazine uptake”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 575–627 · show in text ↑
t0

“Enhanced Phytotoxicity of Atrazine-Phosphate Combinations”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–57 · show in text ↑
e1

“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seedlings grown in the greenhouse”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–67 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Atrazine did not increase phosphorus uptake in corn.

Treatment
atrazinee0
Outcome
32 P uptakee0
Direction
did not increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“in corn atrazine did not increase 32 P uptake.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 633–679 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The atrazine-phosphate combination increased plant respiration.

Taxon
SoybeanGlycine maxe1
Treatment
atrazine-phosphate combinatione0
Outcome
rate of respiratione0
Direction
highere0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Plants receiving the atrazine-phosphate combination exhibited a higher rate of respiration providing a possible basis for the observed interaction.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 680–827 · show in text ↑
t0

“Enhanced Phytotoxicity of Atrazine-Phosphate Combinations”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–57 · show in text ↑
e1

“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seedlings grown in the greenhouse”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–67 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High phosphorus slightly reduced atrazine metabolism in corn.

Treatment
high rate of P applicatione0
Outcome
atrazine metabolisme0
Direction
slightly reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The high rate of P application slightly reduced atrazine metabolism by corn and pea but not by soybean and sorghum.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 828–943 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High phosphorus slightly reduced atrazine metabolism in pea.

Treatment
high rate of P applicatione0
Outcome
atrazine metabolisme0
Direction
slightly reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lathyrus oleraceus
Lathyrus oleraceus · TaxonRenee Comet (photographer) AV Number: AV-9400-4164 · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The high rate of P application slightly reduced atrazine metabolism by corn and pea but not by soybean and sorghum.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 828–943 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High phosphorus did not reduce atrazine metabolism in soybean.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment
high rate of P applicatione0
Outcome
atrazine metabolisme0
Direction
note0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The high rate of P application slightly reduced atrazine metabolism by corn and pea but not by soybean and sorghum.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 828–943 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High phosphorus did not reduce atrazine metabolism in sorghum.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume0
Treatment
high rate of P applicatione0
Outcome
atrazine metabolisme0
Direction
note0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The high rate of P application slightly reduced atrazine metabolism by corn and pea but not by soybean and sorghum.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 828–943 · show in text ↑

atrazine · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

18 papers: 12 positive, 6 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

14 papers more in this group

See all 18 papers →

phosphorus · molecular: metabolites · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results

5 papers: 2 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. negative

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

phosphorus · molecular: metabolites · SorghumPositive and negative results

8 papers: 6 positive, 2 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

4 papers more in this group

See all 8 papers →

phosphorus · molecular: metabolites · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

38 papers: 28 positive, 10 negative or no effect

9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 28 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

34 papers more in this group

See all 38 papers →

phosphorus · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

50 papers: 29 positive, 21 negative or no effect

20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 29 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

46 papers more in this group

See all 50 papers →

phosphorus · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Results agree

3 papers: 0 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. negative
  2. negative
See all 3 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.