Abstract
The relative effectiveness of eight acetanilide herbicides for controlling annual weeds in processing peas (Pisum sativum L.) was evaluated in field studies and the susceptibility of peas to injury from these herbicides was studied in both the field and greenhouse. Alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl- N -(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] was the most phytotoxic to peas grown in washed silica sand in the greenhouse when the herbicides were applied at concentrations of 2 and 8 mg/L. Field trials conducted over a 2-yr period and simulated rainfall experiments in the greenhouse demonstrated that the phytotoxicity to peas by acetanilide herbicides applied preemergence at 2.2 and 4.5 kg/ha was greatly influenced by subsequent rainfall. When 2.5 cm of simulated rainfall were applied immediately after herbicide application, pea injury increased. Injury to peas was avoided in the field by delaying alachlor application at 2.2 kg/ha until peas began to emerge. This treatment also gave excellent control of annual grass weeds. Greenhouse studies demonstrated that injury to peas by all eight acetanilide herbicides at 2.2 and 4.5 kg/ha could be avoided by delaying application until pea emergence. Alachlor, propachlor (2-chloro- N -isopropylacetanilide), and metolachlor [2-chloro- N -(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)- N -(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] gave slightly superior weed control than butachlor [ N -(butoxymethyl)diethylacetanilide] and H 22234 [ N -chloroacetyl- N -(2,6-diethylphenyl)-glycine ethyl ester].
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Alachlor was most phytotoxic to greenhouse peas at 2 and 8 mg/L.
- Taxon
- peas
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- Alachlore0
- Outcome
- phytotoxic to pease0
- Direction
- moste0
- Comparator
- the herbicidese0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl- N -(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] was the most phytotoxic to peas grown in washed silica sand in the greenhouse when the herbicides were applied at concentrations of 2 and 8 mg/L”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsequent rainfall strongly influenced preemergence herbicide phytotoxicity to peas.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- acetanilide herbicides applied preemergence at 2.2 and 4.5 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicity to pease0
- Qualifier
- subsequent rainfalle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phytotoxicity to peas by acetanilide herbicides applied preemergence at 2.2 and 4.5 kg/ha was greatly influenced by subsequent rainfall”
Claim · model-written summary
Immediate simulated rainfall of 2.5 cm increased pea injury.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- 2.5 cm of simulated rainfalle0
- Outcome
- pea injurye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When 2.5 cm of simulated rainfall were applied immediately after herbicide application, pea injury increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying alachlor application until pea emergence avoided field injury.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- delaying alachlor application at 2.2 kg/ha until peas began to emergee0
- Outcome
- Injury to pease0
- Direction
- avoidede0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injury to peas was avoided in the field by delaying alachlor application at 2.2 kg/ha until peas began to emerge”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed alachlor application gave excellent annual grass weed control.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- delaying alachlor application at 2.2 kg/ha until peas began to emergee0
- Interactor
- annual grass weedse0weed
- Outcome
- control of annual grass weedse0
- Direction
- excellente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injury to peas was avoided in the field by delaying alachlor application at 2.2 kg/ha until peas began to emerge. This treatment also gave excellent control of annual grass weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying application of all eight herbicides until pea emergence avoided injury in greenhouse studies.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- delaying application until pea emergencee0
- Outcome
- injury to pease0
- Direction
- avoidede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“injury to peas by all eight acetanilide herbicides at 2.2 and 4.5 kg/ha could be avoided by delaying application until pea emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Alachlor gave slightly superior weed control to butachlor and H 22234.
- Taxon
- PeasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Alachlore0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- slightly superiore0
- Comparator
- butachlore0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alachlor, propachlor (2-chloro- N -isopropylacetanilide), and metolachlor [2-chloro- N -(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)- N -(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] gave slightly superior weed control than butachlor [ N -(butoxymethyl)diethylacetanilide] and H 22234 [ N -chloroacetyl- N -(2,6-diethylphenyl)-glycine ethyl ester]”
t0“Peas(Pisum sativum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Propachlor gave slightly superior weed control to butachlor and H 22234.
- Taxon
- PeasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- propachlore0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- slightly superiore0
- Comparator
- butachlore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alachlor, propachlor (2-chloro- N -isopropylacetanilide), and metolachlor [2-chloro- N -(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)- N -(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] gave slightly superior weed control than butachlor [ N -(butoxymethyl)diethylacetanilide] and H 22234 [ N -chloroacetyl- N -(2,6-diethylphenyl)-glycine ethyl ester]”
t0“Peas(Pisum sativum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor gave slightly superior weed control to butachlor and H 22234.
- Taxon
- PeasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- metolachlore0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- slightly superiore0
- Comparator
- butachlore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alachlor, propachlor (2-chloro- N -isopropylacetanilide), and metolachlor [2-chloro- N -(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)- N -(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] gave slightly superior weed control than butachlor [ N -(butoxymethyl)diethylacetanilide] and H 22234 [ N -chloroacetyl- N -(2,6-diethylphenyl)-glycine ethyl ester]”
t0“Peas(Pisum sativum)”
The same questions in other papers
metolachlor · weed · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
alachlor · weed · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
alachlor · crop injury · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
propachlor · weed · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.