Abstract
The phytotoxicity of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) to corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedlings and 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)- s -triazine (atrazine) to soybean seedlings increased with increasing temperature from 20 to 30 C. The phytotoxicity of α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro- N,N -dipropyl- p -toluidine (trifluralin) did not change significantly between 20 and 30 C. Corn and soybean plants grown at 30 C translocated more 14 C from 14 C-atrazine and soybeans more 14 C from 14 C-linuron to the shoots during the 4-hr root uptake treatment period than plants grown at 20 C. There was less accumulation of 14 C from 14 C-atrazine in soybean roots and 14 C-linuron and 14 C-trifluralin in the roots of corn and soybean plants grown at 30 C compared to those grown at 20 C. Comparison of data at 30 C and 20 C during the 4-hr root uptake treatment period showed enhanced root to shoot movement of 14 C from 14 C-atrazine in corn and from 14 C-linuron in soybean at the higher uptake treatment temperature indicating a possible relationship between increased herbicide transport to the shoot at high temperature and increased phytotoxicity.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Linuron phytotoxicity to corn increased from 20 to 30 C.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- linurone0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20 to 30 Ce0
- Comparator
- 20e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phytotoxicity of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) to corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedlings and 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)- s -triazine (atrazine) to soybean seedlings increased with increasing temperature from 20 to 30 C”
Claim · model-written summary
Linuron phytotoxicity to soybean increased from 20 to 30 C.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- linurone0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20 to 30 Ce0
- Comparator
- 20e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phytotoxicity of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) to corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedlings and 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)- s -triazine (atrazine) to soybean seedlings increased with increasing temperature from 20 to 30 C”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine phytotoxicity to soybean increased from 20 to 30 C.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- atrazinee0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20 to 30 Ce0
- Comparator
- 20e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phytotoxicity of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) to corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedlings and 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)- s -triazine (atrazine) to soybean seedlings increased with increasing temperature from 20 to 30 C”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin phytotoxicity did not change significantly between 20 and 30 C.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- trifluraline0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- did not changee0
- Value
- 20 and 30 Ce0
- Comparator
- 20e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phytotoxicity of α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro- N,N -dipropyl- p -toluidine (trifluralin) did not change significantly between 20 and 30 C”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn at 30 C translocated more atrazine-derived carbon to shoots.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 30 Ce0
- Outcome
- translocated more 14 C from 14 C-atrazinee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- 20 Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn and soybean plants grown at 30 C translocated more 14 C from 14 C-atrazine”
e1“plants grown at 20 C”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean at 30 C translocated more atrazine-derived carbon to shoots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 30 Ce0
- Outcome
- translocated more 14 C from 14 C-atrazinee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- 20 Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn and soybean plants grown at 30 C translocated more 14 C from 14 C-atrazine”
e1“plants grown at 20 C”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean at 30 C translocated more linuron-derived carbon to shoots.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 30 Ce1
- Outcome
- 14 C from 14 C-linuron to the shootse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- 20 Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybeans more 14 C from 14 C-linuron to the shoots”
e1“plants grown at 30 C compared to those grown at 20 C”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean at 30 C accumulated less atrazine-derived carbon in roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 30 Ce1
- Outcome
- accumulation of 14 C from 14 C-atrazine in soybean rootse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- 20 Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“less accumulation of 14 C from 14 C-atrazine in soybean roots”
e1“plants grown at 30 C compared to those grown at 20 C”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn at 30 C accumulated less linuron-derived carbon in roots.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“14 C-linuron and 14 C-trifluralin in the roots of corn and soybean plants grown at 30 C compared to those grown at 20 C”
e1“There was less accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean at 30 C accumulated less linuron-derived carbon in roots.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“14 C-linuron and 14 C-trifluralin in the roots of corn and soybean plants grown at 30 C compared to those grown at 20 C”
e1“There was less accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn at 30 C accumulated less trifluralin-derived carbon in roots.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 30 Ce0
- Outcome
- 14 C-trifluraline0
- Direction
- lesse1
- Comparator
- 20 Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“14 C-linuron and 14 C-trifluralin in the roots of corn and soybean plants grown at 30 C compared to those grown at 20 C”
e1“There was less accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean at 30 C accumulated less trifluralin-derived carbon in roots.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“14 C-linuron and 14 C-trifluralin in the roots of corn and soybean plants grown at 30 C compared to those grown at 20 C”
e1“There was less accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher temperature enhanced root-to-shoot atrazine movement in corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- higher uptake treatment temperaturee1
- Outcome
- root to shoot movement of 14 C from 14 C-atrazinee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced root to shoot movement of 14 C from 14 C-atrazine in corn”
e1“higher uptake treatment temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher temperature enhanced root-to-shoot linuron movement in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- higher uptake treatment temperaturee1
- Outcome
- root to shoot movement of 14 C from 14 C-atrazine in corn and from 14 C-linuron in soybeane0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced root to shoot movement of 14 C from 14 C-atrazine in corn and from 14 C-linuron in soybean”
e1“higher uptake treatment temperature”
The same questions in other papers
linuron · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
trifluralin · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- positive
- positive
linuron · crop injury · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →atrazine · crop injury · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.