Abstract
The development of amylase activity controlled by the embryo in the distal halves of intact barley ( Hordeum vulgare L., var. Larker) seeds during the first 2 days of germination was prevented by the presence in the culture solution of 10 −4 M 7-oxabicyclo-(2.2.1)heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (endothall), 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (bromoxynil), 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil), or 3 amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben) and was not overcome by the simultaneous addition of gibberellic acid. The aforementioned herbicides did not inhibit gibberellic acid-induced amylase synthesis in de-embryonated halved barley seeds. The amiben and bromoxynil inhibition of barley germination was slightly reduced by the simultaneous addition of 10 −2 M glucose to the culture solution. Amiben and bromoxynil also inhibited the development of low levels amylase activity found in 2-day-old squash ( Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, var. Chicago Warted Hubbard) cotyledons; however, added benzyladenine overcame the inhibition. In contrast to barley, benzyladenine was shown to induce the development of amylase activity in squash. Tolerance of squash and other seeds low in carbohydrates to amiben and bromoxynil during germination may be related to their independence from herbicide-inhibited carbohydrate degradation for energy and carbon source required for anabolic processes.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
10 −4 M 7-oxabicyclo-(2.2.1)heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (endothall) prevented embryo-controlled amylase development in intact barley seeds.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Material
- var. Larkere0
- Organ / stage
- distal halves of intact barley ( Hordeum vulgare L., var. Larker) seedse0
- Treatment
- 10 −4 M 7-oxabicyclo-(2.2.1)heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (endothall)e0
- Outcome
- development of amylase activitye0
- Direction
- preventede0
- Qualifier
- first 2 days of germinatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The development of amylase activity controlled by the embryo in the distal halves of intact barley ( Hordeum vulgare L., var. Larker) seeds during the first 2 days of germination was prevented by the presence in the culture solution of 10 −4 M 7-oxabicyclo-(2.2.1)heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (endothall), 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (bromoxynil), 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil), or 3 amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben) and was not overcome by the simultaneous addition of gibberellic acid.”
Claim · model-written summary
3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (bromoxynil) prevented embryo-controlled amylase development in intact barley seeds.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- var. Larkere0
- Organ / stage
- distal halves of intact barley ( Hordeum vulgare L., var. Larker) seedse0
- Treatment
- 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (bromoxynil)e0
- Outcome
- development of amylase activitye0
- Direction
- preventede0
- Qualifier
- first 2 days of germinatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The development of amylase activity controlled by the embryo in the distal halves of intact barley ( Hordeum vulgare L., var. Larker) seeds during the first 2 days of germination was prevented by the presence in the culture solution of 10 −4 M 7-oxabicyclo-(2.2.1)heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (endothall), 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (bromoxynil), 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil), or 3 amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben) and was not overcome by the simultaneous addition of gibberellic acid.”
Claim · model-written summary
2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil) prevented embryo-controlled amylase development in intact barley seeds.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- var. Larkere0
- Organ / stage
- distal halves of intact barley ( Hordeum vulgare L., var. Larker) seedse0
- Treatment
- 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil)e0
- Outcome
- development of amylase activitye0
- Direction
- preventede0
- Qualifier
- first 2 days of germinatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The development of amylase activity controlled by the embryo in the distal halves of intact barley ( Hordeum vulgare L., var. Larker) seeds during the first 2 days of germination was prevented by the presence in the culture solution of 10 −4 M 7-oxabicyclo-(2.2.1)heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (endothall), 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (bromoxynil), 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil), or 3 amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben) and was not overcome by the simultaneous addition of gibberellic acid.”
Claim · model-written summary
3 amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben) prevented embryo-controlled amylase development in intact barley seeds.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- var. Larkere0
- Organ / stage
- distal halves of intact barley ( Hordeum vulgare L., var. Larker) seedse0
- Treatment
- 3 amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben)e0
- Outcome
- development of amylase activitye0
- Direction
- preventede0
- Qualifier
- first 2 days of germinatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The development of amylase activity controlled by the embryo in the distal halves of intact barley ( Hordeum vulgare L., var. Larker) seeds during the first 2 days of germination was prevented by the presence in the culture solution of 10 −4 M 7-oxabicyclo-(2.2.1)heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (endothall), 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (bromoxynil), 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil), or 3 amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben) and was not overcome by the simultaneous addition of gibberellic acid.”
Claim · model-written summary
These herbicides did not inhibit gibberellic acid-induced amylase synthesis in de-embryonated barley seeds.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Organ / stage
- de-embryonated halved barley seedse0
- Treatment
- aforementioned herbicidese0
- Outcome
- gibberellic acid-induced amylase synthesise0
- Direction
- did not inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aforementioned herbicides did not inhibit gibberellic acid-induced amylase synthesis in de-embryonated halved barley seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose slightly reduced amiben inhibition of barley germination.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- 10 −2 M glucosee0
- Outcome
- amiben and bromoxynil inhibition of barley germinatione0
- Direction
- slightly reducede0
- Comparator
- amibene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amiben and bromoxynil inhibition of barley germination was slightly reduced by the simultaneous addition of 10 −2 M glucose to the culture solution.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose slightly reduced bromoxynil inhibition of barley germination.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- 10 −2 M glucosee0
- Outcome
- amiben and bromoxynil inhibition of barley germinatione0
- Direction
- slightly reducede0
- Comparator
- bromoxynile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amiben and bromoxynil inhibition of barley germination was slightly reduced by the simultaneous addition of 10 −2 M glucose to the culture solution.”
Claim · model-written summary
Amiben inhibited amylase development in squash cotyledons.
- Taxon
- squashe0
- Material
- var. Chicago Warted Hubbarde0
- Organ / stage
- 2-day-old squash ( Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, var. Chicago Warted Hubbard) cotyledonse0
- Treatment
- Amibene0
- Outcome
- development of low levels amylase activitye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Amiben and bromoxynil also inhibited the development of low levels amylase activity found in 2-day-old squash ( Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, var. Chicago Warted Hubbard) cotyledons; however, added benzyladenine overcame the inhibition.”
Claim · model-written summary
bromoxynil inhibited amylase development in squash cotyledons.
- Taxon
- squashe0
- Material
- var. Chicago Warted Hubbarde0
- Organ / stage
- 2-day-old squash ( Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, var. Chicago Warted Hubbard) cotyledonse0
- Treatment
- bromoxynile0
- Outcome
- development of low levels amylase activitye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Amiben and bromoxynil also inhibited the development of low levels amylase activity found in 2-day-old squash ( Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, var. Chicago Warted Hubbard) cotyledons; however, added benzyladenine overcame the inhibition.”
Claim · model-written summary
Added benzyladenine overcame herbicide inhibition of amylase development in squash.
Verbatim
e0“Amiben and bromoxynil also inhibited the development of low levels amylase activity found in 2-day-old squash ( Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, var. Chicago Warted Hubbard) cotyledons; however, added benzyladenine overcame the inhibition.”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzyladenine induced amylase activity development in squash.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast to barley, benzyladenine was shown to induce the development of amylase activity in squash.”
The same questions in other papers
3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile · physiology: enzyme activity · Cucurbita (pumpkins)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
N-benzyladenine · physiology: enzyme activity · Cucurbita (pumpkins)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
N-benzyladenine · disease · Cucurbita (pumpkins)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
herbicide · physiology: hormones · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.