Abstract
Systems of weed control composed of (a) intensive cultivation only, (b) herbicides only, or (c) herbicides plus cultivation controlled weeds in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with acceptable crop tolerance. On Ocilla sandy loam, systems with S -propyl dipropylthiocarbamate (vernolate) as a preplanting treatment and 3[ p -(p-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea (chloroxuron) as an early postemergence treatment, followed by either sweep cultivations or directed postemergence applications of other herbicides, controlled yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) satisfactorily and controlled 99 to 100% of the common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.) and Florida beggarweed [ Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.]. As directed postemergence treatment, 2-seobutyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb) controlled common cocklebur and Florida beggarweed about as well as 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron). However, for the broad spectrum of weeds encountered on the Greenville soil, linuron was superior to dinoseb, especially on Texas panicum (Panicum texanum Buckl.). Systems containing only cultivation controlled 84 to 98% of the common cocklebur and 78 to 99% of the Florida beggarweed. On Greenville sandy clay loam, several systems of weed control significantly reduced the stand but not the yield of soybeans. Vernolate reduced stands when used as a preplanting incorporated treatment but not when injected at planting. No significant yield differences among the weed control systems were apparent in the 3-year averages. Costs of weed control ranged from $20 to $30/ha for cultivation only, from $55 to $73/ha for herbicides only, and from $45 to $53/ha for herbicides combined with cultivation. Uncontrolled weeds, primarily common cocklebur and Florida beggarweed, in the weedy check plots reduced the average yield of soybeans 74% on the Ocilla soil during the 3-year period. The different systems of weed control did not affect commercial quality of soybean oil.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Systems with preplanting vernolate and early postemergence chloroxuron, followed by cultivation or other postemergence herbicides, satisfactorily controlled yellow nutsedge on Ocilla sandy loam.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- S -propyl dipropylthiocarbamate (vernolate) as a preplanting treatmente1
- Interactor
- yellow nutsedgee1weed
- Outcome
- yellow nutsedgee1
- Direction
- controllede1
- Qualifier
- satisfactorilye1
- Setting
- Ocilla sandy loame1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“controlled weeds in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with acceptable crop tolerance”
e1“On Ocilla sandy loam, systems with S -propyl dipropylthiocarbamate (vernolate) as a preplanting treatment and 3[ p -(p-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea (chloroxuron) as an early postemergence treatment, followed by either sweep cultivations or directed postemergence applications of other herbicides, controlled yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) satisfactorily”
Claim · model-written summary
The same vernolate and chloroxuron systems controlled 99 to 100% of common cocklebur and Florida beggarweed.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- S -propyl dipropylthiocarbamate (vernolate) as a preplanting treatmente1
- Interactor
- common cocklebure2weed
- Second interactor
- Florida beggarweed
Desmodium tortuosume2weed - Outcome
- common cocklebure2
- Direction
- controllede2
- Value
- 99 to 100%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“controlled weeds in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with acceptable crop tolerance”
e1“On Ocilla sandy loam, systems with S -propyl dipropylthiocarbamate (vernolate) as a preplanting treatment and 3[ p -(p-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea (chloroxuron) as an early postemergence treatment, followed by either sweep cultivations or directed postemergence applications of other herbicides”
e2“controlled 99 to 100% of the common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.) and Florida beggarweed [ Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Directed postemergence dinoseb controlled common cocklebur and Florida beggarweed about as well as linuron.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 2-seobutyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb)e1
- Interactor
- common cocklebure1weed
- Second interactor
- Florida beggarweedDesmodium tortuosume1weed
- Outcome
- common cocklebur and Florida beggarweede1
- Direction
- about as well ase1
- Comparator
- 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“controlled weeds in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with acceptable crop tolerance”
e1“As directed postemergence treatment, 2-seobutyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb) controlled common cocklebur and Florida beggarweed about as well as 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron)”
Claim · model-written summary
On the Greenville soil, linuron was superior to dinoseb for the broad spectrum of weeds, especially Texas panicum.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- linurone1
- Interactor
- Texas panicume1weed
- Outcome
- broad spectrum of weedse1
- Direction
- superiore1
- Comparator
- dinosebe1
- Setting
- Greenville soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“controlled weeds in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with acceptable crop tolerance”
e1“for the broad spectrum of weeds encountered on the Greenville soil, linuron was superior to dinoseb, especially on Texas panicum (Panicum texanum Buckl.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivation-only systems controlled 84 to 98% of common cocklebur.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- only cultivatione1
- Interactor
- common cocklebure1weed
- Outcome
- common cocklebure1
- Direction
- controllede1
- Value
- 84 to 98%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“controlled weeds in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with acceptable crop tolerance”
e1“Systems containing only cultivation controlled 84 to 98% of the common cocklebur and 78 to 99% of the Florida beggarweed”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivation-only systems controlled 78 to 99% of Florida beggarweed.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- only cultivatione1
- Interactor
- Florida beggarweedDesmodium tortuosume1weed
- Outcome
- Florida beggarweede1
- Direction
- controllede1
- Value
- 78 to 99%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“controlled weeds in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with acceptable crop tolerance”
e1“Systems containing only cultivation controlled 84 to 98% of the common cocklebur and 78 to 99% of the Florida beggarweed”
Claim · model-written summary
On Greenville sandy clay loam, several weed control systems significantly reduced soybean stand.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- several systems of weed controle1
- Outcome
- stande1
- Direction
- significantly reducede1
- Setting
- Greenville sandy clay loame1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“controlled weeds in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with acceptable crop tolerance”
e1“On Greenville sandy clay loam, several systems of weed control significantly reduced the stand but not the yield of soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
On Greenville sandy clay loam, the several weed control systems did not reduce soybean yield.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- several systems of weed controle1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Setting
- Greenville sandy clay loame1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“controlled weeds in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with acceptable crop tolerance”
e1“On Greenville sandy clay loam, several systems of weed control significantly reduced the stand but not the yield of soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Vernolate used as a preplanting incorporated treatment reduced soybean stands compared with injection at planting.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Vernolatee1
- Outcome
- standse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- used as a preplanting incorporated treatmente1
- Comparator
- injected at plantinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“controlled weeds in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with acceptable crop tolerance”
e1“Vernolate reduced stands when used as a preplanting incorporated treatment but not when injected at planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Vernolate injected at planting did not reduce soybean stands.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Vernolatee1
- Outcome
- standse1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Qualifier
- injected at plantinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“controlled weeds in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with acceptable crop tolerance”
e1“Vernolate reduced stands when used as a preplanting incorporated treatment but not when injected at planting”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant soybean yield differences among the weed control systems were apparent in the 3-year averages.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- weed control systemse1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Qualifier
- 3-year averagese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“controlled weeds in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with acceptable crop tolerance”
e1“No significant yield differences among the weed control systems were apparent in the 3-year averages”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivation-only weed control cost $20 to $30/ha.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- cultivation onlye1
- Outcome
- costs of weed controle1
- Value
- $20 to $30/hae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“controlled weeds in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with acceptable crop tolerance”
e1“Costs of weed control ranged from $20 to $30/ha for cultivation only, from $55 to $73/ha for herbicides only, and from $45 to $53/ha for herbicides combined with cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide-only weed control cost $55 to $73/ha.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- herbicides onlye1
- Outcome
- costs of weed controle1
- Value
- $55 to $73/hae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“controlled weeds in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with acceptable crop tolerance”
e1“Costs of weed control ranged from $20 to $30/ha for cultivation only, from $55 to $73/ha for herbicides only, and from $45 to $53/ha for herbicides combined with cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides combined with cultivation cost $45 to $53/ha.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- herbicides combined with cultivatione1
- Outcome
- costs of weed controle1
- Value
- $45 to $53/hae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“controlled weeds in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with acceptable crop tolerance”
e1“Costs of weed control ranged from $20 to $30/ha for cultivation only, from $55 to $73/ha for herbicides only, and from $45 to $53/ha for herbicides combined with cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Uncontrolled weeds, mainly common cocklebur and Florida beggarweed, reduced average soybean yield by 74% on Ocilla soil over three years.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Uncontrolled weedse1
- Interactor
- common cocklebure1weed
- Second interactor
- Florida beggarweedDesmodium tortuosume1weed
- Outcome
- average yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 74%e1
- Qualifier
- 3-year periode1
- Setting
- Ocilla soile1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“controlled weeds in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with acceptable crop tolerance”
e1“Uncontrolled weeds, primarily common cocklebur and Florida beggarweed, in the weedy check plots reduced the average yield of soybeans 74% on the Ocilla soil during the 3-year period”
Claim · model-written summary
The weed control systems did not affect the commercial quality of soybean oil.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- different systems of weed controle1
- Outcome
- commercial quality of soybean oile1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“controlled weeds in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with acceptable crop tolerance”
e1“The different systems of weed control did not affect commercial quality of soybean oil”
The same questions in other papers
vernolate · organism · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
linuron · weed · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →herbicide · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
137 papers in the same direction as this paper · 322 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
456 papers more in this group
See all 460 papers →herbicide · quality: general · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.