Abstract
Combining bottom heating of soil with inexpensive fabric row covers improves yields and prevents cold damage with lettuce and arugula. Two experiments were conducted to determining an ideal heating tube placement and row cover thickness to allow growers to optimize heating systems. Temperature sensors in the first experiment were 30 cm from heating tubes with and without medium thickness (28 g m-2) row covers. A second experiment compared temperatures under medium and thick (62 g m-2) row covers when sensors were placed directly above the heating tubes. Hydronic heat alone increased average minimum nighttime temperature 0.4 C 30 cm from the hydronic tubes. When combined with row covers, average minimum temperatures were 1.1 C warmer 30 cm from hydronic tubes than row covers alone. With lettuce plants grown 15 cm from the heating tubes, plant weight increased 17% more than no heat. Lettuce grown under row covers weighed 70% more than plants without row covers. When row covers and hydronic heat were combined, lettuce 15 cm from tubing weighed 88% more than from the control. Temperature sensors placed 10 cm directly above hydronic tubes under row covers averaged nighttime minimums 3.3 C more than covers alone. Planting arugula directly under hydronic heating tubes increased weight 33% under medium row covers and 60% under thick row covers compared to row covers alone. However, arugula weighed 10% more under medium row covers when compared to thick row covers.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Hydronic heat increased minimum nighttime temperature 0.4 C at 30 cm.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae1 - Treatment
- Hydronic heate0
- Outcome
- average minimum nighttime temperaturee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.4 Ce0
- Comparator
- alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vegetable Production”
e0“Hydronic heat alone increased average minimum nighttime temperature 0.4 C 30 cm from the hydronic tubes.”
e1“lettuce and arugula”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat and row covers made minimum temperature 1.1 C warmer than covers alone.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- combined with row coverse0
- Outcome
- average minimum temperaturese0
- Direction
- warmere0
- Value
- 1.1 Ce0
- Comparator
- row covers alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vegetable Production”
e0“When combined with row covers, average minimum temperatures were 1.1 C warmer 30 cm from hydronic tubes than row covers alone.”
e1“lettuce and arugula”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce near heat tubes weighed 17% more than without heat.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- heating tubese0
- Outcome
- plant weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17%e0
- Comparator
- no heate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vegetable Production”
e0“With lettuce plants grown 15 cm from the heating tubes, plant weight increased 17% more than no heat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce under row covers weighed 70% more than uncovered plants.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- row coverse0
- Outcome
- weighede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 70%e0
- Comparator
- plants without row coverse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vegetable Production”
e0“Lettuce grown under row covers weighed 70% more than plants without row covers.”
Claim · model-written summary
Covered and heated lettuce weighed 88% more than control at 15 cm.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- row covers and hydronic heate0
- Outcome
- weighede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 88%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vegetable Production”
e0“When row covers and hydronic heat were combined, lettuce 15 cm from tubing weighed 88% more than from the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensors above heat tubes under covers measured nighttime minima 3.3 C above covers alone.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- hydronic tubes under row coverse0
- Outcome
- nighttime minimumse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 3.3 Ce0
- Comparator
- covers alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vegetable Production”
e0“Temperature sensors placed 10 cm directly above hydronic tubes under row covers averaged nighttime minimums 3.3 C more than covers alone.”
e1“lettuce and arugula”
Claim · model-written summary
Arugula beneath heat tubes weighed 33% more under medium covers than with covers alone.
- Taxon
- arugula
Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativae0 - Treatment
- hydronic heating tubese0
- Outcome
- weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 33%e0
- Qualifier
- medium row coverse0
- Comparator
- row covers alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vegetable Production”
e0“Planting arugula directly under hydronic heating tubes increased weight 33% under medium row covers and 60% under thick row covers compared to row covers alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Arugula beneath heat tubes weighed 60% more under thick covers than with covers alone.
- Taxon
- arugulaEruca vesicaria subsp. sativae0
- Treatment
- hydronic heating tubese0
- Outcome
- weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 60%e0
- Qualifier
- thick row coverse0
- Comparator
- row covers alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vegetable Production”
e0“Planting arugula directly under hydronic heating tubes increased weight 33% under medium row covers and 60% under thick row covers compared to row covers alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Arugula under medium covers weighed 10% more than under thick covers.
- Taxon
- arugulaEruca vesicaria subsp. sativae0
- Treatment
- medium row coverse0
- Outcome
- weighede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Comparator
- thick row coverse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vegetable Production”
e0“However, arugula weighed 10% more under medium row covers when compared to thick row covers.”
The same questions in other papers
heat · soil: physics · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
heat · growth · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →heat · growth · Eruca vesicariaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.