Abstract
Certain natural products extracted from different parts of medicinal and aromatic plants were examined for their antifungal activity against three plant pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Alternaria solani, and insecticidal activity against mosquito larvae (Culex pipiens). Acetone extract of Tectona grandis showed the highest antifungal activity against R. solani and A. solani with EC50 values of 118 and 294 μg/mL, respectively. The highest larvicidal activity was displayed by the essential oils of Ocimum basilicum and Eucalyptus gomphocephala with LC50 value of 22, and 30 mg/L, respectively. By gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis 3-allylguaiacol (65.8%) and eugenol acetate (46.6%) were the main compounds in Syzygium aromaticum methanolic extract and essential oil, respectively. The main compound in T. grandis acetone extract was cyclohexylpentyl oxalate (8.7%); its water extract contained (E)-4,4-dimethyl-2-pentene (51.1%); E. gomphocephala branch oil contained p-cymene (28.8%); Euphorbia paralias leaf extract contained 1βH-romneine (26.3%); the seed extract contained α-linolenic acid, TMS (15.2%); Punica granatum extract contained furfural (32.1%); and O. basilicum essential oil contained estragole (65.9%). Thus, extracts from the tested plants can be used as natural biofungicides to manage diseases caused by F. oxysporum, R. solani, and A. solani. Additionally, these extracts show potential larvicide activities against mosquito larvae.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Acetone extract of Tectona grandis had the highest antifungal activity against R. solani and A. solani.
- Taxon
- Tectona grandis
Tectona grandise1 - Treatment
- Acetone extract of Tectona grandise1
- Interactor
- R. solani
Rhizoctonia solanie1pathogen - Second interactor
- A. solani
Alternaria solanie1pathogen - Outcome
- antifungal activitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 118 and 294 μg/mLe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Acetone extract of Tectona grandis showed the highest antifungal activity against R. solani and A. solani with EC50 values of 118 and 294 μg/mL, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oils of Ocimum basilicum and Eucalyptus gomphocephala had the highest larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum and Eucalyptus gomphocephala
Ocimum basilicum
Eucalyptus gomphocephalae1 - Treatment
- essential oilse1
- Interactor
- mosquito larvaee2pest
- Outcome
- larvicidal activitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 22, and 30 mg/Le1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The highest larvicidal activity was displayed by the essential oils of Ocimum basilicum and Eucalyptus gomphocephala with LC50 value of 22, and 30 mg/L, respectively”
e2“insecticidal activity against mosquito larvae (Culex pipiens)”
Claim · model-written summary
3-allylguaiacol was 65.8% of the Syzygium aromaticum methanolic extract.
- Taxon
- Syzygium aromaticum
Syzygium aromaticume1 - Material
- methanolic extracte1
- Outcome
- 3-allylguaiacole1
- Value
- 65.8%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“3-allylguaiacol (65.8%) and eugenol acetate (46.6%) were the main compounds in Syzygium aromaticum methanolic extract and essential oil, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Eugenol acetate was 46.6% of the Syzygium aromaticum essential oil.
- Taxon
- Syzygium aromaticumSyzygium aromaticume1
- Material
- essential oile1
- Outcome
- eugenol acetatee1
- Value
- 46.6%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“3-allylguaiacol (65.8%) and eugenol acetate (46.6%) were the main compounds in Syzygium aromaticum methanolic extract and essential oil, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyclohexylpentyl oxalate was 8.7% of the Tectona grandis acetone extract.
- Taxon
- T. grandisTectona grandise1
- Material
- acetone extracte1
- Outcome
- cyclohexylpentyl oxalatee1
- Value
- 8.7%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The main compound in T. grandis acetone extract was cyclohexylpentyl oxalate (8.7%); its water extract contained (E)-4,4-dimethyl-2-pentene (51.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
(E)-4,4-dimethyl-2-pentene was 51.1% of the Tectona grandis water extract.
- Taxon
- T. grandisTectona grandise1
- Material
- water extracte1
- Outcome
- (E)-4,4-dimethyl-2-pentenee1
- Value
- 51.1%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The main compound in T. grandis acetone extract was cyclohexylpentyl oxalate (8.7%); its water extract contained (E)-4,4-dimethyl-2-pentene (51.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
p-Cymene was 28.8% of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala branch oil.
- Taxon
- E. gomphocephalaEucalyptus gomphocephalae1
- Material
- branch oile1
- Outcome
- p-cymenee1
- Value
- 28.8%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“E. gomphocephala branch oil contained p-cymene (28.8%)”
Claim · model-written summary
1βH-romneine was 26.3% of the Euphorbia paralias leaf extract.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia paralias
Euphorbia paraliase1 - Material
- leaf extracte1
- Outcome
- 1βH-romneinee1
- Value
- 26.3%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Euphorbia paralias leaf extract contained 1βH-romneine (26.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Furfural was 32.1% of the Punica granatum extract.
- Taxon
- Punica granatum
Punica granatume1 - Material
- extracte1
- Outcome
- furfurale1
- Value
- 32.1%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Punica granatum extract contained furfural (32.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Estragole was 65.9% of the Ocimum basilicum essential oil.
- Taxon
- O. basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Material
- essential oile1
- Outcome
- estragolee1
- Value
- 65.9%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“O. basilicum essential oil contained estragole (65.9%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts from the tested plants can be used as natural biofungicides against F. oxysporum, R. solani and A. solani.
- Taxon
- tested plantse1
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume1pathogen - Outcome
- natural biofungicidese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Thus, extracts from the tested plants can be used as natural biofungicides to manage diseases caused by F. oxysporum, R. solani, and A. solani”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant extracts show potential larvicide activity against mosquito larvae.
Verbatim
e1“extracted from different parts of medicinal and aromatic plants”
e2“Additionally, these extracts show potential larvicide activities against mosquito larvae”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · pest · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.